He died 19 April 1390 in Dundonald Castle in 1390 and lies buried at Scone Abbey. [26] The paroled David attended this Parliament to present to Robert and the members of the Three Estates the conditions for his release. Its terms were that in turn for David's freedom, a ransom of 100,000 marks would be paid in annual installments over ten yearsonly the first two payments were completed initially and nothing further until 1366. [42], The Stewarts greatly increased their holdings in the west, in Atholl, and in the far north: the earldoms of Fife and Menteith went to Robert II's second surviving son, Robert; the earldoms of Buchan and Ross (along with the lordship of Badenoch) to his fourth son, Alexander; and the earldoms of Strathearn and Caithness to the eldest son of his second marriage, David. His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters and provided the basis of a future dispute regarding the line of succession. [9] On their deaths, Robert the Bruce continued to resist the English and eventually succeeded in defeating the forces of Edward II of England and gained the Scottish throne for himself.
[75] Contrary to Froissart's view, the early Scottish chroniclersAndrew of Wyntoun and Walter Bower (who both utilised a source that was nearly contemporary with Robert II)and later 15th- and 16th-century Scottish chroniclers and poets showed 'Robert II as a Scottish patriotic hero, a defender of the integrity of the Scottish kingdom, and as the direct heir to Robert I'. [39], The Stewarts greatly increased their holdings in the west, in Atholl, and in the far north: the earldoms of Fife and Menteith went to Robert II's second surviving son Robert, the earldoms of Buchan and Ross (along with the lordship of Badenoch) to his fourth son Alexander and the earldoms of Strathearn and Caithness to the eldest son of his second marriage, David. King James I. With the king now imprisoned in England and Randolph dead, the Guardianship once again fell to Robert. [20] Balliol lost many of his major supporters to the Bruce side and the main English garrisons began to fall to the ScotsCupar in the spring or summer of 1339, Perth taken by the combined armies of Sir William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale, Robert Stewart and Maurice Murray of Drumsargard in June 1339. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. He was the son of Robert II Stewart, King of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan. [8] John Balliol submitted to Edward and resigned the throne to him before being sent to London as a prisoner. His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters. Robert's peace strategy was a factor in the virtual coup in 1384 when he lost control of the country, first to his eldest son, John, Earl of Carrick, afterwards King Robert III, and then from 1388 to John's younger brother, Robert, Earl of Fife, afterwards the first Duke of Albany. Robert II of Scotland (1316-1390)/descendants, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (1430-1430), Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c1454-1485), David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c1456-1457), John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c1459-1479), Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Earl of Crawford (c1387-aft1438), Thomas Stewart, Archdeacon and Bishop-elect of St. Andrews (), David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (1378-1402), William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (c1398-1437), George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus (1417-1463), James Forbes, 2nd Lord Forbes (bef1430-c1461), Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy of Dunure (1405-1489), John Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy of Dunure (bef1454-c1508), Joan of Scotland, Countess of Morton (c1428-1486), John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton (bef1466-1513), Mary Stewart, Princess of Scotland (1453-1488), Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll (c1433-1493), David Stewart, Earl of Strathearn (1357-c1386), Euphemia Stewart, Countess of Strathearn (-c1434), Malise Graham, 1st Earl of Menteith (1406-1490), Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. [43] Robert II's rule during the 1370s saw the country's finances stabilised and greatly improved due in part to the flourishing wool trade, reduced calls on the public purse and by the halting of his predecessor's ransom money on the death of Edward III of England. [40] Robert II's rule during the 1370s saw the country's finances stabilised and greatly improved due in part to the flourishing wool trade, reduced calls on the public purse and by the halting of his predecessor's ransom money on the death of Edward III of England. This profile is part of the Stewart Name Study. [54] Carrick and James, Earl of Douglas (his father William had died in April),[55] wanted a retaliatory strike for the Gaunt raid. In June 1385, a force of 1200 French soldiers joined the Scots in a campaign that involved the Earl of Douglas and two of Robert's sons, John, Earl of Carrick and Robert, Earl of Fife. [78] Despite this, the now unknown source whom both Wyntoun and Bower relied on made the point that Fife deferred to his father on affairs of state emphasising the difference in styles in the guardianships of his two sons.
Robert II | king of Scotland | Britannica [15] Strathbogie once again changed sides and submitted to the English king in August and was made Warden of Scotland. ; Maria Stewart and 18 others; Sir John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute; Thomas Stewart, Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane; John Stewart, Lord of Burley; Walter Stewart, Earl of Fife; Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany; Margaret Stewart, Princess of Scots; Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan; Marjory Stewart, Princess of Scots; Katherine Stewart, Princess of Scots; Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scots; Johanna Jean Stewart, Princess of Scots; Lady Isabella Stewart; Robert III, King of Scots; Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl; David Stewart, Prince of Scotland, 1st Earl of Caithness; Elizabeth Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Egidia Stewart, of Lounane, Princess of Scotland and Sir John " The Red" Stewart of Dundonald less
Robert II of Scotland - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Birth of Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany, Birth of Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, Birth of Margaret Stewart, Princess of Scots, "Robert the Steward", "the 7th High Steward of Scotland", "Robert II King of Scotland", "Sir Robert Stewart", Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, Earl of Fife and Monteith, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Lord of Badenoch and Ross, David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness, Earl of Strathearn, John Stewart (d. 1406), later king as Robert III, Margaret Stewart, married John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles, Walter Stewart (d. 1362), married Isabel Macduff, 9th Countess of Fife, Marjory Stewart, married first John Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray, second Alexander Keith, Jean Stewart, married in 1373 Sir John Keith, in 1379 Sir John Lyon, in 1384 Sir James Sandilands, Isabel Stewart, married first James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, married second David Edmondstone, Elizabeth Stewart, married Sir Thomas Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland, David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (d. bef. By her he had at least ten children: By his second wife, Euphemia, daughter of Hugh de Ross, 4th Earl of Ross, and widow of the 3rd Earl of Moray, formerly his colleague as regent, he had five children: The confusion about the circumstances of his first marriage would later lead to conflict amongst the descendants of his first marriage (which included James I of Scotland) and the unquestionably legitimate descendants of his second marriage. [41][42] By 1375, the king had commissioned John Barbour to write the poem, The Brus, a history intended to bolster the public image of the Stewarts as the genuine heirs of Robert I. Robert, Earl of Carrick (-bef1391) 3. Four years after his return, however, James had Murdoch and two of his sons executed for conspiring against him. Robert II was then made a guardian of the kingdom in 1334 when David escaped to France. [59] Robert's differences with the Carrick affinity regarding the conduct of the war and his continued failure or unwillingness to deal with Buchan in the north led to the political convulsion of November 1384 when the Council removed the king's authority to govern and appointed Carrick as lieutenant of the kingdoma coup d'tat had taken place.
The Stuarts: Robert II (1316-1390) biography - Scotland Magazine Robert married Elizabeth Mure around 1348, legitimising their four sons and five daughters. Depicting the last years of Robert II and the rise of Robert III of Scotland to the throne.
Robert II, first monarch of the House of Stewart - English Monarchs Family Tree Profile Timeline Prints and Lists Family Ancestry Charts & lists Check Robert II STEWART (King of SCOTLAND) ( Robert II STEWART) Born 2 March 1316 - Rothesay, Bute, Scotland Deceased 19 April 1390 - Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland,aged 74 years old Buried in 1390 - Scone, Perthshire, Scotland Parents And they warned him that they would neither ransom him nor allow him to be ransomed unless he pardoned them for all their acts and injuries that they had done, and all the offences that they had committed during the time of captivity, and he should give them security for that, or otherwise they threatened to choose another king to rule them. David escaped to France in 1334 and Parliament, still functioning, appointed Robert and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray, as joint guardians of the kingdom. One of the Scottish casualties was Carrick's close ally James, Earl of Douglas. Robert II (2 March 1316 19 April 1390) reigned as King of Scots from 1371 to his death as the first monarch of the House of Stewart. ; Moira le Leche and Unknown Mistress(es) of Robert ll King of Scots [46], Robert II ruled over a country that continued to have English enclaves within its borders and Scots who gave their allegiance to the king of Englandthe important castles of Berwick, Jedburgh, Lochmaben and Roxburgh had English garrisons and controlled southern Berwickshire, Teviotdale and large areas in Annandale and Tweeddale. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I3115&tree=E http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I6180&tree=N http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I187561&tree http://www.mathematical.com/stuartrobert1316.html, [S6] G.E. [71] Boardman also asserts that much of the negative views held of Robert II find their origins in the writings of the French chronicler Jean Froissart who recorded that '[the king] had red bleared eyes, of the colour of sandalwood, which clearly showed that he was no valiant man, but one who would remain at home than march to the field'. 1389), Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (d. 1437), Elizabeth Stewart, married 1380 David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford, Egidia Stewart, married 1387 Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale, Alexander STEWART Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan b: ABT 1343 in Scotland, Elizabeth STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1344 in Scotland, Isabella STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1346 in Scotland, Jean STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1348 in Scotland, Katherine STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1350 in Scotland, Margaret STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1352 in Scotland, Marjorie STEWART Princess of Scots b: ABT 1354 in Scotland. [28] The paroled David attended this Parliament to present to Robert and the members of the Three Estates the conditions for his release. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Robert III ruled 1390-1406 and was the great grandson . [65] Donaldson goes further and debates the legality of the canon law marriage of Robert and Elizabeth Mure following the papal dispensation, but acknowledges that the Acts of Succession in 1371 and 1372, although sealing the matter in the eyes of Parliament, did not end the generational feud of the descendants of Elizabeth Mure and of Euphemia Ross. [16] Murray had been captured in 1332, ransomed himself in 1334, and immediately sped north to lay siege to Dundarg Castle in Buchan held by Sir Henry de Beaumont, with the castle falling on 23 December 1334. [48] Attacks on the English held zones, with the near-certain backing of Robert, began in 1373 and accelerated in the years 137577. Life.
Robert II, King of Scots | Unofficial Royalty King Robert II of Scotland | Britroyals Robert had married her in 1336, but as the marriage had been criticised as uncanonical, he remarried her in 1349. The first monarch of the House of Stewart was born on March 2nd, 1316. Robert II (2 March 1316 19 April 1390) reigned as King of Scots from 1371 to his death as the first monarch of the House of Stewart. [55][56] On 2 June 1384, Robert resolved to send Walter Wardlaw, Bishop of Glasgow to the Anglo-French peace talks, yet Carrick ignored this and allowed raids into the north of England to take place. He was the only child of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and his first wife Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert the Bruce and Isabella of Mar. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan, a lady who had formerly been his mistress. Robert, Earl of Fife and from 1398 Duke of Albany (died 1420), married in 1361 Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith, and his second wife in 1381 Muriella Keith (died in 1449). By 1384, the Scots had re-taken most of the occupied lands, but following the commencement of Anglo-French peace talks, Robert was reluctant to commit Scotland to all-out war and obtained Scotland's inclusion in the peace treaty. Contents [show] Heir presumptive[edit] Robert Stewart, born in 1316, was the only child of Walter Stewart, High Steward of Scotland and King Robert I's daughter Marjorie Bruce, who died probably in 1317 following a riding accident. Robert called a Council in September, probably for working out how to proceed when the truce concluded, and to decide how the war was to proceed thereafter. Edward Balliol, son of King John Balliol, assisted by the English and Scottish nobles disinherited by Robert I, invaded Scotland inflicting heavy defeats on the Bruce party on 11 August 1332 at Dupplin Moor and Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333. [11] This build-up of the Stewart family power did not appear to cause resentment among the senior magnatesthe king generally did not threaten their territories or local rule and where titles were transferred to his sons the individuals affected were usually very well rewarded. [9] John Balliol submitted to Edward and resigned the throne to him before being sent to London as a prisoner. [66] Robert's earlier participation in combat at the battles of Halidon and Neville's Cross, according to Donaldson, had made him wary of sanctioning military expeditions against the English and that any such actions by his barons were concealed from him. On the death of his father in 1326, he became the hereditary steward of Scotland. [11] In 1332 Edward Balliol, son of the deposed John Balliol, spearheaded an attack on the Bruce sovereignty with the tacit support of King Edward III of England and the explicit endorsement of 'the disinherited'. Walter the Steward had died earlier on 9 April 1327,[10] and the orphaned eleven-year-old Robert was placed under the guardianship of his uncle, Sir James Stewart of Durrisdeer,[3] who along with Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, and William Lindsey, Archdeacon of St Andrews were appointed as joint guardians of the kingdom. He was also known as Robert, High Steward of Scots and by his Gaelic Name, Roibert II Stibhairt.
Robert II (1371-1390) He was delivered by caesarean section. [24] In 1347 he took the important step of ensuring the legitimation of his four sons, John, Earl of Carrick (the future King Robert III), Walter, Lord of Fife (d. 1362), Robert (the future Duke of Albany) and Alexander, Lord of Badenoch (and future Earl of Buchan), and six daughters by petitioning Pope Clement VI to allow a canon law marriage to Elizabeth Mure. 45. [73], Grant (1992) acknowledges that Robert II's reign in terms of foreign and domestic policy was "not so unsuccessful". [8], David Bruce, aged five, became king on 7 June 1329 after the death of his father Robert. [6], The first war of independence began in the reign of King John Balliol. [2] Robert had the upbringing of a Gaelic noble on the Stewart lands in Bute, Clydeside, and in Renfrew. Robert II of Scotland is a 74 years old King of Scotland from Paisley Abbey. [64] Fife relieved Buchan of his offices of lieutenant of the north and justiciar north of the Forth. They include: The Three Perils of Man; or, War, women, and witchcraft (1822) by James Hogg. He was one of the leaders of the Scottish army at the battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333; and after gaining some successes over the adherents of Edward Balliol in the west of Scotland, he and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (d. 1346), were chosen as regents of the kingdom, while David sought safety in France.
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