what bible has maccabees

2 Maccabees, CHAPTER 1 - Daily Bible Readings, Audio and Video Every There is no unanimity about the meaning of the title Maccabee. When I finally SAW the LIGHT,,,after many years of painfully trying to be 'de-briefed"from the "catholic bible",,,,,I remembered Jesus Words in the above Scripture verse by sayi. [1][2] They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 167BCE to 37BCE,[3] being a fully independent kingdom from about 110 to 63 BCE. [9], In the 2nd century BCE, Judea lay between the Ptolemaic Kingdom (based in Egypt) and the Seleucid empire (based in Syria), monarchies which had formed following the death of Alexander the Great (356323BCE). Both Maccabees books essentially break down the history from Antiochus IVs desecration to the Jewish revolt. Hanukkah, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and the Apocrypha 1 Maccabees 2. Study the meaning with multiple Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias and find scripture references of Maccabaeus; Maccabees throughout the Bible. Pronunced: TORE-uh, Origin: Hebrew, the Five Books of Moses. He and his five sons fled to the wilderness of Judah. The Jewish people reject the Apocrypha as Scripture as well. 32 But the women and children took they captive, and possessed the cattle. It possibly was written during the reign of the Roman emperor Caligula (3741 ce). These books were better known among Greek speaking Jews in the Mediterranean world around the time of Jesus. No one challenges the validity of the Apocrypha because the Apocrypha is not a threat to Satan. What Happens When Christians Don't Know Ecclesiology? This was the one place on earth about which Yahweh said My name (the expression of his Person) shall be there (I Kings). When this happened, its authoritative nature was rejected by the Jewish community. If you have a Roman Catholic or Greek Orthodox background you may also recognize the books 1 and 2 Maccabees as part of Scripture canon, but if you hail from any other denomination, you likely do not. Miraculously, the one cruse of oil had lasted for all eight days, and by that point new pure oil was ready. The Ptolemies ruled in Egypt and the Seleucids in Syria. 24 And when he had taken all away, he went into his own land, having made a great massacre, and spoken very proudly. 40 As had been her glory, so was her dishonour increased, and her excellency was turned into mourning. Author of. Some further, yet interesting, reading. 104-78. The book of Maccabees was in existence when Jesus was alive, but Jesus always omits the Apocryphal writings. 45But if he was looking to the splendid reward that is laid up for those who fall asleep in godliness, it was a holy and pious thought. From before the time of the Tridentine Calendar, the Holy Maccabees had a commemoration in the Roman Rite liturgy within the feast of Saint Peter in Chains. His eldest son, Aristobulus I., who succeeded him B.C. Answer The books of 1 and 2 Maccabees are early Jewish writings detailing the history of the Jews in the first century BC. So, I have been reading the book of Maccabees and for the life of me, I cannot understand why it isn't included in our Bible. If paying large amounts of money for the dead can SAVE the dead, then what happens to "without the shedding of blood, there can be no remission of sin"? Throughout the early Christian period, IV Maccabees was wrongly attributed to Josephus. Satan only attacks what is of God. It is an interesting read, and of all the apocryphal books, I will say it is the most interesting read, especially from a historical viewpoint, but it has some serious doctrinal issues. Who Are the Maccabees? - Bible Study The Books of the Maccabees | Definition, Contents, & Facts The Hasmonean dynasty ended in 37BCE when the Idumean Herod the Great became king of Israel,[12] designated "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate,[16][34] effectively transforming the Hasmonean Kingdom into the Herodian Kingdom a client kingdom of Rome. Like the Maccabees and Daniel, we will have to stand strong in our beliefs. His purpose in writing is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62)especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. On his death in battle in 160BCE, Judah was succeeded as army commander by his younger brother, Jonathan, who was already High Priest. While comparing the well-known mosaic discovered in Huqoq by Jodi Magness with the books of Maccabees, Nina V. Braginskaya comes to the conclusion that the mosaic reflects the symbolic story of the Maccabees. Like the Maccabees, Christians will face great persecution for their beliefs in a culture that wants us to conform. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. 1 And it happened, after that Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came out of the land of Chettiim, had smitten Darius king of the Persians and Medes, that he reigned in his stead, the first over Greece. 28 The land also was moved for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was covered with confusion. Jesus is not present in the Maccabees or any part of the Apocrypha and anyone thinks that Jesus can be seen there, lacks discernment. 1 Maccabees shown with the King James Bible? Pronounced: KHAH-nuh-kah, also ha-new-KAH, an eight-day festival commemorating the Maccabees victory over the Greeks and subsequent rededication of the temple. On the troubles caused by Jason and his revolt against the kingdom, i.e., the rule of the legitimate high priest, . His severest condemnation goes, not to the Seleucid politicians, but to the lawless apostates among his own people, adversaries of Judas and his brothers, who are models of faith and loyalty. Historical context of the Maccabees What are the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees? | GotQuestions.org Powered by Invision Community. Jason abolished the traditional theocracy and "received from Antiochus permission to convert Jerusalem into a Greek polis called Antioch". An effort to legitimize the Hasmonean dynasty. May 30, 2016 in General Discussion. The rededication of the Jerusalem Temple described in 4:3659 (see 2Mc 10:18) is the origin of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah. The first book of Maccabees I have found to be Hebrew, the second is Greek, as can be proved from the very style. Maccabees - Wikipedia He forbade the reading of the Law of Moses and gave orders to search out and burn any copies that could be found. 37 Antigonus, a son of Aristobulus II., ruled, and with his two grandchildren, Aristobulus and Mariurnne, the Asmonaean dynasty ended. Both of thesepagan god worship and the eating of pigswere strictly forbidden in the Old Testament (Exodus 20:3, Deuteronomy 14:8). 2 And made many wars, and won many strong holds, and slew the kings of the earth. And yet, these two books are missing from the Hebrew Bible. Why isn't the book of Maccabees included in the Bible? He went as far to erect an altar to Zeus and sacrifice a pig in the temple. Although it is often assumed that the biblical canon was formalized at Jamnia, there is some speculation that the accepted list of books was in existence long before. He died B.C. Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkaimanaged to escape Jerusalem before its destruction and received permission to rebuild a Jewish base in Jamnia. Simon was murdered in 134BCE by his son-in-law Ptolemy, and was succeeded as high priest and king by his son John Hyrcanus I. Antiochus conquered the entire district of Judea, but refrained from attacking the Temple or interfering with Jewish observances. According to the historian Victor Tcherikover, the main motive for the Tobiads' Hellenism was economic and political. Corrections? The author of I Maccabees, likely the Hasmonean court historian, wrote his history during the high priesthood (135/134104 bce) of John Hyrcanus I, son and successor of Simon. Maccabees Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. What is Maccabees, Books Of, 1-2 in the Bible? 52 Then many of the people were gathered unto them, to wit every one that forsook the law; and so they committed evils in the land; 53 And drove the Israelites into secret places, even wheresoever they could flee for succour. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Books-of-the-Maccabees, The Catholic Encyclopedia - The Books of Machabees. and a recent graduate of Taylor University's professional writing program. What is Maccabees, Books Of, 3-5 in the Bible? He oppressed them in every way, and tried to abolish altogether the Jewish worship. And, to be frank, also succumbed to Babylonian pressures as well. The name Maccabee[4] is often used as a synonym for the entire Hasmonean dynasty, but the Maccabees proper were Judas Maccabeus and his four brothers. II Maccabees focuses on the Jews revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 bce by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. The above section comes from a Christianity.com article on Hanukkah. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. "@CandyFujiApple @CatholicaPuella You swear up and down by sola scriptura but then cut books out and ignore parts of the Bible you don't like. In Antiochuss day the Syrians were devotees of the culture of Greece. and the censers of gold, and the veil, and the crown, and the golden ornaments that were before the temple, all which he pulled off. Asmonaeans or Hasmonaeans is the Proper name of the family, which is derived from Cashmon, great grandfather of Mattathias. Its task was to put the revelation of God into purposeful use by producing an ordered human society that was ruled by Gods justice and love and not by human force and greed. If you can be delivered from your sins AFTER you are dead by loved ones paying your way out of a purgatorial state - then why bother living a moral and Godly life? Most theologians equate the abomination to the Zeus idol Antiochus placed in the temple. The first and second Books of Maccabees, though regarded by Jews and Protestants as apocryphal, i.e., not inspired Scripture, because not contained in the Jewish list of books drawn up at the end of the first century A.D., have always been accepted by the Catholic Church as inspired and are called deuterocanonical to indicate that they are canonical even though disputed by some. [10] The motives of Antiochus remain unclear: he may have been incensed at the overthrow of his appointee, Menelaus,[12] or encouraged by a group of radical Hellenizers among the Jews,[16] he may have been responding to an orthodox Jewish revolt that drew on the Temple and the Torah for its strength. They regarded Hellenism as a form of nature worship. All Rights Reserved, Embark on a Jewish Journey of Transformation, My Jewish Learnings All About Hanukkah email series. The Books of the Maccabees refers to a series of deuterocanonical books which are contained in various canons of the Bible : 1 Maccabees, originally written in Hebrew and only surviving in a Greek translation, it contains an account of the history of the Maccabees from 175 BC until 134 BC. 9 And after his death they all put crowns upon themselves; so did their sons after them many years: and evils were multiplied in the earth. 166, having named Judas --apparently his third son--as his successor in directing the war of independence. It concludes with the defeat of the Seleucid Empire general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Maccabees. Healing Prayers to Heal the Body, Mind, and Soul. [21] Some scholars point to social and economic factors in the conflict. What Is Biblical Discipline, and How Can We Grow This Virtue? [33] Although the Maccabees won autonomy, the region remained a province of the Seleucid Empire and Simon was required to provide troops to Antiochus VII Sidetes, the brother of Demetrius II. 1 Maccabees, CHAPTER 2 - Daily Bible Readings, Audio and Video Every 2 Maccabees 4:7-17 GNT - BibleGateway.com: A searchable online Bible in [11], When Antiochus IV Epiphanes (ca. Explore Hanukkahs history, global traditions, food and more withMy Jewish Learnings All About Hanukkah email series. http://www.bible.ca/catholic-apocrypha.htm Guest shiloh357 Posted May 30, 2016 First Maccabees can be divided as follows: Copyright 2019-2023 USCCB, please review our Privacy Policy. I Maccabees is the only contemporary source for the civil wars in Judaea, and the only surviving one for Judaean-Syrian relations after the reign of Antiochus IV. The miracle of the one-day supply of oil miraculously lasting eight days is first described in the Talmud, committed to writing about 600 years after the events described in the books of Maccabees.[37]. After gaining several victories over the other generals of Antiochus, Judas was able to occupy Jerusalem except the "tower," and purified the temple exactly three years after its profanation. The devil wants to distract people away from the Bible which is the only book the devil hates. Unsure of the meaning of a word or phrase in the Bible? By When a Greek official tried to make him sacrifice to a pagan deity, Mattathias killed him. [19] According to Joseph P. Schultz, modern scholarship "considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppression than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp",[20] but John J. Collins writes that while the civil war between Jewish leaders led to the king's new policies, it is wrong to see the revolt as simply a conflict between Hellenism and Judaism, since "[t]he revolt was not provoked by the introduction of Greek customs (typified by the building of a gymnasium) but by the persecution of people who observed the Torah by having their children circumcised and refusing to eat pork. According to rabbinic tradition, the victorious Maccabees could only find a small jug of oil that had remained uncontaminated by virtue of a seal, and although it only contained enough oil to sustain the Menorah for one day, it miraculously lasted for eight days, by which time further oil could be procured.[30]. All sacrifices were to come to an end. Your Content 1 Maccabees 1 New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition Alexander the Great 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated[ a] King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. [10][13] In turn, Menelaus then bribed Antiochus and was appointed High Priest in place of Jason. 6 Wherefore he called his servants, such as were honourable, and had been brought up with him from his youth, and parted his kingdom among them, while he was yet alive. Yahweh was utterly other than humanthat is to say, he was holy. It was God who had created humanity, not man the gods, and Israel was Gods chosen instrument to be a light to lighten the nations (Isaiah). Antiochus sought to continue what he regarded as the civilizing colonization process of Alexander. Catholics, on the other hand, have their own Bible. So Jesus accepts as Scripture, the entire OT and consciously omits books like Maccabees and the rest of the Apocrypha. He may well have played some part in it himself in his youth. Both books are part of the canon of Scripture in the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Coptic, and Russian Orthodox churches, but they are not recognized as canon by Protestants and Jews. Her modern-day Daniel, Blaze, (Illuminate YA) just released, and they just contracted the sequel. A circumcised Jew taking part in the games in a gymnasium could not therefore hide where his loyalty lay. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 56 And when they had rent in pieces the books of the law which they found, they burnt them with fire. He refers to the Scriptures in Matt. Books of the Bible journal: 2nd Edition. [1] (166 - 129 BCE) Category The Maccabees/Hasmoneans The Maccabees History & Overview Macabbean Women The Hasmoneans The Hasmonean Dynasty Hasmonean Coins Scroll of Antiochus Archaeology Proves Rule Extended to Negev Highlands Pamphylia Book of Maccabees: First Book of Maccabees Second Book of Maccabees Third Book of Maccabees What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem? The Sadducees, a priestly class in charge of the Temple, openly rejected the oral interpretations that the Pharisees, the proto-rabbinic class, openly promoted. It discusses how some Jews succumbed to the temptations of Hellenization. The contest which he describes is a struggle, not simply between Jew and Gentile, but between those who would uphold the law and those, Jews or Gentiles, who would destroy it. 5 And after these things he fell sick, and perceived that he should die. The people, in turn, must worship the Lord alone and observe exactly the precepts of the law given to them. engaged in a civil war On the death of their mother, Alexandra, B.C. That's the Bible that true Christians read. Journey through the . Ptolemy supposedly threatened the Jews with loss of citizenship after Palestinian Jews refused to permit him to enter the sanctuary of the Temple of Jerusalem. However, this is a scholarly proposition that has lost adherents in recent years. The Maccabees were a family of Jews who resisted the authority of Antiochus Epiphanes king of Syria and his successors who had usurped authority over the Jews, conquered Jerusalem, and strove to introduce idolatrous worship. To the Jewish people, the biblical canon consists of the books found in the Tanach (Hebrew Bible). Proud member Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 1 : a priestly family leading a Jewish revolt begun in 168 b.c. Updates? 35 They stored it also with armour and victuals, and when they had gathered together the spoils of Jerusalem, they laid them up there, and so they became a sore snare: 36 For it was a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary, and an evil adversary to Israel. Bible. The revolt involved many battles, in which the Maccabean forces gained notoriety among the Seleucid army for their use of guerrilla tactics. The New Testament mentions Jesus visiting the temple during Hanukkah (John 10:22-23). Antiochus IV Epiphanes prohibited Jewish practices and tried to woo the Israelite people into worship of Canaanite gods such as Baal. The Maccabees destroyed pagan altars in the villages, circumcised boys and forced Jews into outlawry. Well, for one thing, the fullest accounts of Hanukkah are not found in the Hebrew Bible at all. Abel is of course, mentioned in Genesis. The Hebrew may be read as Hammer, Hammerer, or Extinguisher. Since Judas held the initiative in the long war against the Syrians, he was probably regarded in the same light as King Edward I of England, who was known as the Hammer of the Scots.. Traditionally the name has come to be extended to the brothers of Judas, his supporters, and even to other Jewish heroes of the period, such as the seven brothers (2Mc 7). 3 And went through to the ends of the earth, and took spoils of many nations, insomuch that the earth was quiet before him; whereupon he was exalted and his heart was lifted up. After the death of Judas, Jonathan his brother succeeded to the command, and later assumed the high-priestly office. This group of Jewish people revolted against the Seleucids, when Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to obliterate all Jewish culture. These books are not part of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) which came from the Jewish canon; however, they were part of the Alexandrian canon which is also called the Septuagint (sometimes abbreviated LXX). Ironically, this very internal/external struggle lies at the core of the Hanukkah story, and perhaps it was this very struggle playing out again in history that prevented the basic texts about Hanukkah from being included within the biblical canon. [16] As a result, one explanation of the name Maccabees is based on the Aramaic word for "hammer", because they "strike hammer blows against their enemies".[29]. After the victory, the Maccabees entered Jerusalem in triumph and ritually cleansed the Temple, reestablishing traditional Jewish worship there and installing Jonathan Maccabee as high priest. Although not explicit, we can see parallels to Daniels faithful living and those of the Jews living during the time of Hellenistic persecution. Corrections? Jesus refers to the Law, the Prophets and the Psalms in Luke 24:44. 2nd Maccabees and Revelation both have instances of the dead interceding for the living" Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! Previous chapter Previous chapter; Chapter 2; . The Maccabees were a family of Jews who resisted the authority of Antiochus Epiphanes king of Syria and his successors who had usurped authority over the Jews, conquered Jerusalem, and strove to introduce idolatrous worship. 23 He took also the silver and the gold, and the precious vessels: also he took the hidden treasures which he found. Maccabees, also spelled Machabees, (flourished 2nd century bce, Palestine), priestly family of Jews who organized a successful rebellion against the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV and reconsecrated the defiled Temple of Jerusalem. New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition . The Firstand Second Books of Maccabees contain the most detailed accounts of the battles of Judah Maccabee and his brothers for the liberation of Judea from foreign domination. The family of the Maccabees won two decisive battles against the Syrians (Antiochus Epiphanes IV) which led the Syrians to pull out of the holy land. [10][22] What began as a civil war took on the character of an invasion when the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria sided with the Hellenizing Jews against the traditionalists. It just doesn't work that way. The two Books of Maccabees contain independent accounts of events (in part identical) that accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. Salem Media Group. Although these are not said to be of the Maccabee family, they are referred to in Christianity as the Holy Maccabean Martyrs or the Holy Maccabees. Daniels vision of the ram and goat (Daniel 8) shows the goat (Alexander the Greats) demise and the four hornskingdomswhich grow from his empire. Asmonaeans or Hasmonaeans is the Proper name of the family, which is derived from Cashmon, great grandfather of Mattathias. However, the Septuagint became the official version of the Bible for the nascent Christian Church. Catholic Bibles contain 46 books in the Old Testament, including seven (Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, and Baruch) which were part of an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. From B.C. This leader will trample on the Jewish people, take away Jewish sacrifice and rituals, and set up an abomination. 1 Maccabees begins the narrative after Alexander the Great's death. The term Maccabee (Maccabeus), which originated with Mattahias' son Judah, is frequently applied to his four brothers. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. 39 Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproach her honour into contempt. Many Jews succumbed to the Hellenistic culture. 1 Maccabees, THE FIRST BOOK OF MACCABEES | USCCB Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. What Does Maccabaeus; Maccabees Mean? Bible Definition and References 23:35: "That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.". He designed it, and He gets to define it. The author of the Second Book of Maccabees presented the conflict as a struggle between "Judaism" and "Hellenism", concepts which he coined. Who Were the Maccabees? - Christianity For him culture meant the pursuit of the good. The restless, inquiring, creative spirit of Greecewhat might today be called the scientific spiritwas based on the assumption that man is the measure of all things. The Jewish view of life, on the other hand, was totally in opposition to that of the Hellenism that had spread throughout the Middle East. The Compiler's Preface Even more problematic is the fact that scholars believe that the First Book of Maccabees was indeed written originally in Hebrew, therefore meeting the language criterion for inclusionand yet it is absent from the biblical canon. Unlike the Second Book of Maccabees, there is no doctrine of individual immortality except in the survival of ones name and fame, nor does the book express any messianic expectation, though messianic images are applied historically to the days of Simon (1Mc 14:417). The name Maccabee, probably meaning hammer, is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1Mc 2:4, 66; 2Mc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16). He expelled the garrison from the Acra in Jerusalem. In true Deuteronomic tradition, the author insists on fidelity to the law as the expression of Israels love for God. The History Of The Maccabees Explained - Grunge - The world is weirder Is it possible that the exclusion of the Books of Maccabees was one of the last salvos in the battle between the Pharisees and Sadducees? St. Augustine wrote in The City of God that they were preserved for their accounts of the martyrs. [28], In the narrative of I Maccabees, after Antiochus issued his decrees forbidding Jewish religious practice, a rural Jewish priest from Modiin, Mattathias the Hasmonean, sparked the revolt against the Seleucid Empire by refusing to worship the Greek gods. These books include within them the earliest references to the story of Hanukkah and the rededication of the Temple, in addition to the famous story of the mother and her seven sons. . 21 And entered proudly into the sanctuary, and took away the golden altar, and the candlestick of light, and all the vessels thereof. In 1Macc 2:60 is recorded his dying counsels to his sons with reference to the war they were now to carry on. The process and the product of the canonization of the Bible became the basis for a varied tradition of interpretation. Its use was also extended to John Hyrcanus, Simons son, who was next in succession. Omissions? 143 B.C. Bible Guide for Each Piece. 1 Maccabees, also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom.It describes the promulgation of decrees forbidding traditional Jewish practices by King Antiochus IV . [E] indicates this entry was also found in Easton's Bible Dictionary. Aristobulus II. We need to spread the truth that our God is the God of love. 1 and 2 Maccabees - Bible Society - We offer the Bible to the World However, as the Maccabees realized how successful they had been, many wanted to continue the revolt and conquer other lands with Jewish populations or to convert their peoples. Their decree became the basis of the Hasmonean kingdom. Although outside of 1 and 2 Maccabees, the Maccabees family receives no mention, we do have a peek of the time period in which all these events take place in Daniel. It was the name given to the leaders of the national party among the Jews who suffered in the persecution under Antiochus Epiphanes, who succeeded to the Syrian throne B.C. Falls in the Hebrew month of Kislev, which usually corresponds with December. Simon is considered the founding ruler of the Hasmonean dynasty that will govern Israel until 37 B.C. Blessings ,,,,, Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: The Books of the Machabees. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Its commander Lysias, preoccupied with internal Seleucid affairs, agreed to a political compromise that restored religious freedom. ", "1 Maccabees 1:6061 (New Revised Standard w/ Apocrypha)", "The Old Testament in the Orthodox Church", Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maccabees&oldid=1148850726, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Stewart, Tyler A. He aimed, moreover, to unify his vast and heterogeneous empire behind the worship of Zeus and, therefore, severely restricted the practice of Judaism, whose strict monotheism impeded the realization of that policy. Skip to main content . Although, yes, Daniel 8 and 12 talk about Antiochus IV, theologians have also equated the figure in both narratives to Nero and to the antichrist.
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