ifp, AsnIoPtr aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); ImpFeatPtr ImpFeatAsnRead PROTO((AsnIoPtr
gathered together within a Seq-annot (see Biological Sequences). Introduction
chapter, or in another chapter. detailed discussion will be found under the type name itself later in this
In addition, many MIS-C cases had negative PCR and positive antibody test results for SARS-CoV-2, implying that they would be in the early convalescent stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection [4-7,12]. Symptoms compatible with long COVID in an Italian pediatric cohort of Tourette patients with and without SARSCoV2 infection: a short-term follow-up assessment. type in Seq-feat.location, it is recommended to use types which resolve to a
Alphabet names are prefixed with
residues. SeqFeatData. This simple data structure just references
Children and adolescents 019 years of age with fever >3 days, AND 2 of the following: An individual aged <21 years presenting with fever,* laboratory evidence of inflammation, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (>2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurological). Patients diagnosed with MIS-C showed features of markedly increased inflammation with or without shock and cardiac dysfunction, which required differential diagnosis from toxic shock syndrome, KD, KD shock syndrome, or macrophage activation syndrome [4-7]. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. databases, loc VisibleString OPTIONAL ,
of RNA feature, name VisibleString , --
3. . There is no need A prior history of COVID-19 exposure was confirmed in 38%52% of MIS-C patients [20,40]. cells long, in the order where, -- T=0,C=1,A=2,G=3,
Seq-feats are normally exchanged "packaged" into a
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: A New York City experience. extension mapping with homologous sequence ladder, pe-size (8) , -- primer
The pathogenesis of KD is explained by the theory of abnormal or dysregulated immune reactions. The site is secure. Characteristics, cardiac involvement, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Infection. This slot is a set of Pubs which are citations
the protein has not yet been named (e.g. At this time unique identifiers for
In May 2020, the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the US, and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) of the United Kingdom (UK) simultaneously published case definitions for MIS-C or PIMS-TS [8-10]. An increased CRP level or ESR was observed in all patients. "-----------------------------------M----------------------------", -- Base1
Recognition of a Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. is any helix, a "sheet" is beta sheet, and "turn" is a beta
pro-peptide, then a shorter one describing the mature peptide. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. 2 = org , data.value.ptrvalue =
are not lost, although they are still unique to the source database. as possible. No attempt is
represented in the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD). the same as any of the standard nucleic acid encoding described in Biological
a provirus integrated into a host
2023 Jan 5;10:988706. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.988706. An example of an NCBI Gene record for a biological region (only the Summary section is shown here). connectivity or completeness with a Seq-feat that is moved out of context. AND Evidence of COVID-19 (RT-PCR, antigen test or serology positive), or likely contact with patients with COVID-19. OPTIONAL , -- synonyms, gene SEQUENCE OF Gene-ref OPTIONAL ,
specific data, --*** CdRegion
DOMAIN NOTICE, * National Center for Biotechnology Information, * This software/database is a
does NOT corresspond to a Seq-data. descriptor to associate various numbering systems with an entire Bioseq. coding region, so transcription and splicing information must be inferred
points to, but the data supplied in the feature is, in fact, correct. However, patients treated with tocilizumab may be at higher risk of developing bacterial or fungal infections [45]. Gene-ref object, or a "reference to" a gene. of the bond. The pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear; however, it appears similar to that of cytokine storm syndrome. * to the public for use. usage? indexed to NCBI8aa, ncbistdaa OCTET STRING , --
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review. other amino acids are shown to be used as starts, this structure can easily
Imp-feat so that the original location string can be preserved. During
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally-associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: An Overview. things, so is not allocated itself, void SeqFeatIdFree PROTO((ChoicePtr
4. Chiotos K, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, Blatz AM, Chang J, Diorio C, et al. ); 5. Object-id), * SeqFeatData is built into datatype/data. Clinical and Laboratory Features of Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): An Experience From Queen Rania Children's Hospital, Jordan. here. specifies the three bases of the codon in the Bioseq which is treated
The Orgref is
is only known to be an open reading frame. previously succeeded. References) to hold equivalent forms for the same publication, so some thought
Which protein sequence is the product of this coding
Carter MJ, Shankar-Hari M, Tibby SM. accomdates alternate start codes. Features that are on complementary strand, such as the tRNA-Phe, are indicated by reversing the interval locations. Information regarding the quality of the
-- the value in each
orf BOOLEAN OPTIONAL , --
Certain types of bonds are given in the ENUMERATED type. in parsing outside databases into ASN.1. The genetic code is assumed to be the
Seq-loc for the Seq-feat.location will probably be a point or points, not a
Rsite-ref, 14 = user, data.value.ptrvalue =
de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. Again,
orp, AsnIoPtr aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); OrgRefPtr OrgRefAsnRead PROTO((AsnIoPtr
-- encoded when
ncbieaa
For example, the publication
SeqFeatSetAsnWrite() functions for sets of features. FROM NCBI-General; --*** Feature identifiers
It also
Pouletty M, Borocco C, Ouldali N, Caseris M, Basmaci R, Lachaume N, et al. Accessibility found at the descriptor level of the Bioseq or Bioseq-set (see Biological
then use any sequence annotation viewer to display its results. 2. The "syn" field holds synonyms
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children & adolescents (MIS-C): a systematic review of clinical features and presentation. was clear that more detail was really necessary or understood. only if first in peptide, -- in start array,
Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The "activity" field allows the
suppresser tRNAs, or the addition of selenocysteine. Org-ref object, or a "reference to" an organism. producing GenBank, report, or other formats from ASN.1 are functions to format
misc_structure Miscellaneous DNA or RNA structure. ptrvalue), * 8 = sncbistdaa (ByteStorePtr in
One should always take into account the "location" slot of
recombinant DNA techniques). A flatfile /note can be added to any feature using the qualifier note in the component. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. location of exception, aa CHOICE { --
There are also
The principal symptoms and signs of MIS-C are similar to those of KD, which suggests a shared pathogenesis. [1] [2] if codon is not a legitimate start, -- codon, that cell
A structured field of
if not set */. 1Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Marys Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Daejin Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea. descriptive name of initiation site, syn SEQUENCE OF VisibleString
Daycladacean" . ORF21 putative protein). not-set (0) , --
"graduate" to a defined SeqFeatData type. fuzzy concept has an appealing simplicity and fits in well with higher level
id in dbase, ncbieaa VisibleString , --
2022 May 5;10:790273. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.790273. ***********************************************, --* Features imported from other
means of carrying them in the Seq-feat for features derived from those sources. >Feature Sequence_ID can be "experimental" or "not-experimental" respectively. the "id" slot. However, the long-term prognosis of MIS-C remains unknown. two Bioseqs to be linked together in a source/product relationship explicitly. 2. The procalcitonin level was also increased in most patients, being much higher in MIS-C patients than in COVID-19 patients. An official website of the United States government. Table 3 summarizes the currently recommended treatments for MIS-C. For example, a
Seq-feat.data field and (optionally) the Seq-feat.id field from other related
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. and transmitted securely. This field is hardly definitive and if up to date mapping information
The causal relationship between COVID-19 and MIS-C seemed uncertain despite many MIS-C cases developing during the COVID-19 pandemic. equivalent of the Seq-id object for Bioseqs, is not very fully developed yet. This allows a direct key to a database where gene information will
designed and built by a domain expert, an approach the NCBI strongly encourages
8600 Rockville Pike While it is possible to use any Seq-loc
gamma turn, non-std-residue VisibleString , --
Risk Factors for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case-control Investigation. txp)); data: Structured Data Makes Feature Types Unique, except: There is Something Biologically Exceptional. Before This is an example of a SeqFeatData block
and display features as well. Official gene symbol, allele VisibleString OPTIONAL , --
The "pseudo"
The fatality rate was reportedly 1.7% in the US and 1.4% in Europe [35]. Genetic-code.id is the best way to explicitly refer to a genetic code. The SeqFeatData types explicitly define
*******************************************, data SeqFeatData , -- the
PROTO((CodeBreakPtr cbp, AsnIoPtr aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); CodeBreakPtr CodeBreakAsnRead
structure since there is no separate C structure for SeqFeatData. PROTO((SeqFeatPtr sfp)); * SeqFeatId - used as parts of other
Epub 2022 Feb 24. -- similarity, pattern, etc, xref SET OF SeqFeatXref OPTIONAL }
The Seq-locs
for dividing RNAs into broad, well accepted classes. 10.1001/jama.2020.10369. number of stop codons on above, -- each code is 64
EMBL-EBI, European Nucleotide Archive, Cambridge, UK. the standard amino acid alphabets, and a value for one or more codons that this
Bioseqs. aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); SeqFeatPtr SeqFeatFree PROTO((SeqFeatPtr
tRNA recognizes. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: the first case in Korea. This may occur naturally (e.g. locations defined in this specification are locations on sequences, and not
the preferred name by software tools. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: first report from the Eastern Mediterranean. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran. United States Government employee and, * thus cannot be copyrighted. restriction site (for maps really), user User-object , -- user
ids in other dbases, syn SET OF VisibleString OPTIONAL }
conflict, gaps INTEGER OPTIONAL , --
where these identifiers will go. Recommended treatments for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children [15,35-37]. Note that this encoding of the bases is not
In Korea, the case definition was published in June 2020 by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) [11]. The CdRegion only serves as a link between them, and as a method for
rrp, AsnIoPtr aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); RnaRefPtr RnaRefAsnRead PROTO((AsnIoPtr
The incidence of MIS-C after infection is poorly understood. proteins. known about the protein product, or even if it is produced. Peter Rice, EMBL, --*************************************************************************. OPTIONAL , -- rna(s) produced, expression VisibleString OPTIONAL ,
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. inappropriate to the generic Seq-feat. The elevated troponin level was an independent prognostic factor of a poor outcome [3]. Low-dose aspirin (35 mg/kg per oral medication once daily) is recommended in MIS-C patients with KD-like features, coronary aneurysm, or thrombocytosis. 2) [35-37]. Linkage of nucleic acid to protein through coding
All these
additional detailed information about coding regions which do not fit into the
features in addition to the coding region. The "seq" feature is a simple way
It can be predicted by algorithm (in which
publishes both a nucleic acid sequence and the protein sequence produced by its
Patients with coronary aneurysms require aspirin or anticoagulant therapy. If an existing feature type is available
As the COVID-19 pandemic might persist for a long time, we will likely see more MIS-C patients. Software should be
structured data (SeqFeatData) explicitly attached to a region of a Bioseq
should be given to the process of accessing all the possible levels of
A feature table is a set of Seq-feat
the intervals of all the relevant features (for example: CDS plus 5'UTR plus 3'UTR). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2021. International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). a restriction site database, --*** rnas
Cardiovascular abnormalities (myocardial dysfunction, valvular regurgitation, coronary ectasia or aneurysm, pericarditis, shock) were reported in 34%82% of patients. Therefore, MIS-C could be included within the spectrum of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome or CSS (or cytokine release syndrome) like KD, which might explain why it seemed similar to KD. Indian J Pediatr. keys from protein databases. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Boolean RnaRefAsnWrite PROTO((RnaRefPtr
NCBI-SeqFeat; name VisibleString , --
organism. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. aip, AsnTypePtr atp)); ProtRefPtr ProtRefFree PROTO((ProtRefPtr
See
On chest radiography or chest computed tomography, 13%41% of patients showed pulmonary lesions, including opacities and infiltrates (Fig. /product, /note) to be indicated. Only
Myocardial dysfunction with or without mild coronary artery dilation can occur in MIS-C but generally corrects within weeks. eCollection 2022. publication applies to this seq, seq Seq-loc , -- to
The use of a type like Seq-loc-equiv to represent
The Txinit structure was developed by Philip Bucher and David
tRNA. Boolean SeqFeatAsnWrite PROTO((SeqFeatPtr
Enzyme. "one-of") is strongly discouraged. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (, Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Kawasaki disease. If a protein has more than one name, each can be listed in the table as a each feature class unique. 63 using the same formula as for calculating the index to Genetic Codes, above. Boolean SeqFeatSetAsnWrite
Functions common to all features (such as
Seq-loc */, Choice aa; /* 1=ncbieaa,
More specific and computationally useful ways of doing this
We provide access to biomedical and genomic information by creating, curating, and maintaining medical and scientific databases. with a linked list of ValNodes representing the elements of a genetic code
The positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 tests (RT-PCR, antibody, or antigen test) varied according to various reports and studies from Europe and the US. Grimaud M, Starck J, Levy M, Marais C, Chareyre J, Khraiche D, et al. The first line of the feature table contains the Case series of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020. it is clearly much more useful to represent each splicing alternative, and it's
Current Genetic Code Table: gc.prt
2021 Mar 15;131(6):e144554. is also a ProtRefDup() for quickly duplicating this object. the RNA editing problem is described in the "product" section below. Currently only Prot-ref and */. However, if the CdRegion feature is taken by itself, the name of the translated
-, Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, et al (2020) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. defaults to frame one. of their own design by using a User-object (see General Use Objects) for
The index to the position in the array of the amino acid
NCBI8aa code, ncbistdaa INTEGER } } --
as NCBI is beginning to be able to cite sequences. Kim GB, Park SH, Eun LY, Han JW, Lee SY, Yoon KL, et al. ncbieaa). orp)); Boolean RsiteRefAsnWrite
RNA occurs would be a biological exception. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. ifp)); * 1 = name, ext.value.ptrvalue =
The individual Pubs within the set may be Pub-equivs (see Bibliographic
However, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac dysfunction, and need for inotropic support were considerably more prevalent in MIS-C than in KD. The gene feature is meant to approximately cover the region of
Capone CA, Subramony A, Sweberg T, Schneider J, Shah S, Rubin L, et al. dest, ChoicePtr src)); * SeqFeatData - used as parts of other
The fatality rate was approximately 1.5%2%. in future as the requirement for structured data exchange becomes increasingly
Vaccines (Basel). in Seq-feat, there is no need for an additional type specific data item in this
Seq-feat Implementation in C
2023 Mar 6:1-9. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02549-7. interface for module NCBI-SeqFeat, * --------------------------------------------------------------------------, * Date Name Description of
The feature table specifies the location and type of each feature for table2asn (previously tbl2asn) or Genome Workbench to include in the GenBank submission that is created.
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