However, not all state and local bonds used to finance private activities are tax exempt; private activity bonds are subject to certain restrictions and are subject to caps. 12511], Denies deduction for interest paid in certain tax-motivated transactions. Retains Senate language regarding a "roadmap." Reserves 15% for small projects. (, [author name scrubbed], Section Research Manager (The FDA amendments legislation passed in 2007 (P.L. [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. Adds planning grant eligibility for "rural heritage sites." [Sec. 2311(j)], Requires USDA to survey annually the per acre estimates of county cash rents paid to contract holders, and requires that USDA give priority to offers from local residents if conservation benefits are equivalent among offers. The managers report on the conference agreement states this reduction is "not an indicator of declining or reduced support for CRP;" however, in other sections of the report USDA is encouraged to assist producers who are transitioning from land retirement to working lands conservation. 110-142, passed after the House approved H.R. 9013], Adopts the House provision with modifications. 1301(2)], Covered commodity: wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, rice, soybeans, and other oilseeds. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million to carry out the program in Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries, and $5 million for all other countries. Allows use of employees not in compliance with these requirements in cases of disasters. 5(e)(3) of the Food Stamp Act specifies that when determining benefits and, in some cases, judging income eligibility, dependent care expenses related to employment, training, or education be disregarded (deducted) from household monthly income. Economic injury disaster loans (maximum $1.5 million) are made to businesses to provide operating funds following a disaster. [Sec. 2110 ], Sec. [Sec. 2101-2102, 2105] Provides for pollinator habitats. [Sec. 9001], Establishes grants for Biochar Research, Development, and Demonstration. 11011], Adopts Senate provision, with modifications. 8302], For non-salvage timber sale contracts awarded between 7/1/04 and 12/31/06, the purchasers may request that the contract be cancelled, the contract payment rate be redetermined, or a substitute Producer Price Index be used. [Sec. The following is a discussion of the major provisions in the 2008 farm bill. 0020.07, January 31, 2007, at http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome. It contains 15 titles covering support 7304, Section 1419 of NARETPA authorizes grants for research on production and marketing of alcohols and industrial hydrocarbons from agricultural commodities and forest products. [Sec. Credit for cellulosic fuel production. [Sec. Permanent debarment from participation in USDA programs for fraud. 8102], Extends the federal procurement program; sets biobased component of product at 5% minimum; and revises the deadline for USDA to set labeling requirements. The bill authorizes a competitive grant program to Hispanic-serving institutions to increase diversity in forestry and related fields, and allows contract modification options for certain Forest Service timber sales. The current 2008 farm bill (the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. [Sec. 98-1693 (D.D.C. 1503(b)(2)], Marketing loan gains/LDP: no limit [Sec. The bill also reauthorizes a program of assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation, delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable, prepackaged foods and increases the program's funding from $3 million to $8 million each fiscal year. 1720], Requires a report on the cost of leasing procedures of the General Services Administration compared to USDA. 11002], The Agricultural Fair Practices Act (AFPA) of 1967 (P.L. [Sec. ), Adds definitions of beginning farmer or rancher, Indian tribe, nonindustrial private forest land, socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher, and technical assistance. [Sec. 1903], Authorizes an Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) program to in part help certain states make better use of risk management tools. [Sec. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. Deletes Senate provision on fees for loan guarantees, but requires a study of electric generating needs in rural areas. For counter-cyclical payments, six out of 10 commodities have an increase in their target price (wheat, sorghum, barley, oats, soybeans and minor oilseeds), one has a small decrease (cotton), and four are new in 2009 (dry peas, lentils, small chickpeas, large chickpeas). 3105], The McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program makes available U.S. agricultural commodities, financial and technical assistance to carry out food for education and child nutrition programs in foreign countries. 12312], Provides a fourth tax credit under section 40, the Cellulosic Biofuel Producer Credit. Amends the 1946 AMA to authorize USDA to establish a voluntary fee-based grading program for catfish and to permit other farm-raised seafood industries to apply for such grading. 10816 of the 2002 farm bill amended the AMA of 1946 by requiring retailers (excl. 2503], Gives priority to improving water conservation and air quality, under certain conditions. Deletes EQIP from CCEP and adds the Healthy Forests Reserve Program. 2401(e)], Similar to the House bill. The types of eligible lands are expanded to include priority resource concerns, as identified by states; certain private agricultural and forested lands; and also some nonindustrial private forest lands (limited to not more than 10% of total annual acres under the program). [7 U.S.C. The bill revises the export credit guarantee programs to bring them into compliance with a WTO dispute settlement decision in the U.S.-Brazil cotton case that the United States lost. 1101(c)(3)] Same provision for peanuts. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. [16 U.S.C. 11084]. [Sec 9002], Sense of Congress regarding research, extension and education programs on biofuels and bioproducts. 1207(c)], Special competitiveness program for ELS cotton provides marketing certificates or cash payments available to domestic users and exporters whenever the world market price for the lowest priced ELS cotton is below the prevailing U.S. price for a competing growth of ELS cotton for a 4-week period; and the lowest priced competing growth of ELS cotton is less than 134% of the loan rate for ELS cotton. 1104(a)] Counter-cyclical payments for peanuts authorized separately. The base amount is 2% of outstanding insured obligations of all insured System banks reduced by 90% of federally-insured loans and 80% of state-insured loans. 2311(e)], Adopts Senate provision with changes. Authorizes annual appropriations for this purpose. The conferees state the goals of this provision are addressed in section 7204 of Title VII (Research). 7501], The 1994 USDA reorganization act merged the Extension Service with the Cooperative State Research Service to establish CSREES. 3838o], Specifies landowner duties and USDA considerations in evaluating offers. Provides added mandatory funding of $10 million a year. From mandatory Section 32 funding made available under Sec. Requires borrowers for USDA direct farm ownership loans to have training, or farming and ranching experience, that "is sufficient to assure reasonable prospects of success in the proposed farming operations." 2277a-5], Gives discretion to FCSIC for timing of certification. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. Amends the Commodity Exchange Act to (1) clarify CFTC jurisdiction over retail financial contracts based on foreign currencies, (2) make the CFTC's anti-fraud authority applicable to certain off-exchange or over-the-counter derivatives contracts, (3) increase civil monetary and criminal penalties for violations, (4) permit cross-margining of accounts in security futures and options, and (5) establish CFTC regulation over certain exchange-like trading facilities that are currently exempt from most regulation. 1905 and 1926], Raises the CAT fee to $300 per crop per county. 108-148) authorized easements through FY2008 to protect private forests for endangered species and biodiversity. 5002], Sets a maximum per borrower of $200,000 for direct farm ownership loans. [7 U.S.C. 3003]. 9011], Establishes the Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative, providing grants to increase community energy self-sufficiency. [Sec. The tax portions (Title XV) of the 2008 farm bill differ markedly from those in either the House- or the Senate-passed versions of the bill. 14003], Directs USDA to ensure that the Census of Agriculture and USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) track socially disadvantaged and limited resource farmers and ranchers. 714b & 714c; 7 CFR Part 1423], Requires (only through crop year 2011) USDA minimum storage payment rates of 10/cwt. 12101(f)], describe the application process; prohibit USDA from considering nonfederal funds; direct USDA to consider risk factors when considering an application; and express disapproval of a cost-sharing rule for animal and health emergency programs. [Sec. 4904], Replaces existing fresh fruit/ vegetable program, beginning with the 2008-2009 school year. 108-7) authorizes the Resource Conservation and Development Program (RC&D) to develop and implement a regional plan to address conservation, water/land management, or community development. Term of loans: 9 months after the day the loan is made; no extensions. [Sec. The Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 [P.L. [Sec. 12318], Treatment of qualified fuel mixtures. 7126], Competitive grants for international agricultural science and education [Sec. 1788], Provides annual mandatory funding of $3 million for Team Nutrition Network grants. [16 U.S.C. 7981a-c], Specifies minimum purchase prices of: block cheese, $1.13/lb. 12802], Increase exclusion amount for mileage reimbursements to volunteers. [Sec. [Sec. 7933] Same term for peanuts. [7 U.S.C. [16 U.S.C. 2503. 2104 (d)], Sec. 110-234. 3839aa-2(d)], Sets the federal cost share at 90% for socially disadvantaged producers. 1307(a)(4)-(7)], Loan rates for 2004-2007 crop years:Wheat, bu., $2.75Corn, bu., $1.95Grain sorghum, bu., $1.95Barley, bu., $1.85Oats, bu., $1.33Upland cotton, lb., $0.52Extra long staple cotton, lb., $0.7977Rice, cwt., $6.50 Soybeans, bu., $5.00 Other oilseeds, lb., $0.0930 Dry peas, cwt., $6.22 Lentils, cwt., $11.72 Small chickpeas, cwt., $7.43 Graded wool, lb., $1.00 Nongraded wool, lb., $0.40 Mohair, lb., $4.20 Honey, lb., $0.60 (Different loan rates applied to 2002-2003 crop years.) Replaces current federal-state cooperative inspection program with a new program whereby USDA would approve the shipment of state-inspected meat and poultry from a state where key program requirements are identical to federal requirements; permits many plants currently under federal inspection to shift to state inspection; raises the federal reimbursement maximum from 50% to 60% for poultry programs only; among other things. [Sec. Creates pilot programs for sesame [Sec. Generally extends biodiesel fuel credits and payment provisions for two years (through 2010). 7529], Prohibits USDA from disposing of land or facilities at the Grazinglands Research Laboratory in El Reno, OK. [Sec. 114i]. Two insurance years of program receipts will be received in the same fiscal year (FY2012) and payments will be delayed until the next fiscal year, thus scoring budget savings in FY2012. [12 U.S.C. [Sec. to domestic upland cotton users for all cotton uses regardless of origin for acquisition, construction, installation, modernization, development, conversion, or expansion of land, plant, buildings, equipment, facilities, or machinery. [Sec. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary (FY2008-12). 4501], Combines elements of both the House and Senate bills. [Sec. Raises limit on cost-share payments for long-term projects to 25% and limits total payments to $50,000 per year. 11007], Makes native sods planted to an insurable crop (over 5 acres) ineligible for crop insurance and the noninsured crop disaster assistance program. [Sec. 1672 of the 1990 farm bill. [Sec. [Sec. 1240N of the FSA to authorize Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP), providing cost-sharing to landowners who improve habitat, with up to 15% of the total made available in any years for agreements that are longer than 15 years. Defines how payments should be attributed to individuals. [Sec. Duration is 5 years, plus 2 years for withdrawals. [Sec. To address the potential for a U.S. sugar surplus caused by unrestricted imports from Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and from other countries under other free trade agreements, and the resulting loan forfeitures, the 2008 farm bill mandates a sugar-for-ethanol program. 1101(c)(3)] Same provision for peanuts. Prohibits federal funds for any contract that does not comply with these requirements, and bars waivers of rules that do not comply with requirements. 7402], Prior law authorized capacity-building grant programs for 1890 and 1994 institutions, and Hispanic-serving institutions. [Sec. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. 202(a) of the Colorado River Salinity Control Act of 1974 authorizes DOI to construct, operate, and maintain the specific salinity control units as the initial stage of the Colorado River Basin salinity control program. [Sec. Specifies a streamlined evaluation process for operations with substantial and sound environmental management systems involving a limited number of practices. [Sec. [Sec. Authorizes annual appropriations of $100 million through FY2012; provides $215 million annually in mandatory funds. 9008 of the 2002 farm bill extended the Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (P.L. The enacted bill succeeds the most recent 2002 farm bill (P.L. [Sec. 3205], Animal fighting provisions generally reflect Senate language. [Sec. Authorizes appropriations "such sums as are necessary" through FY2007. [7 U.S.C. Requires USDA to certify entities receiving payments are producers. 110-28, as amended by P.L. 1105(a)(1)], National actual revenue per acre = national average yield for the year times the higher of (1) national season average market price, or (2) loan rate. 1101(c)(2)] Same provision for peanuts. [Sec. The Senate had no similar provision. [Sec. Provides matching grants to sun grant centers to develop, distribute, and implement biobased energy technologies and to promote diversification and sustainability of agricultural production, and economic diversification in rural areas through biobased energy and product technologies. [Sec. [Sec. July 7, 2005U.S. 13(b) of the Food Stamp Act specifies that states must attempt to collect all over-issued benefits from recipients, unless the state agency demonstrates that collection is not cost-effective. 2106] and expands eligible lands under WRP. 5205], Allows re-amortization of the repayment of a shared appreciation agreement that is delinquent. [7 U.S.C. Authorizes appropriations of $50 million annually through FY2012, with payments between $300-$500 per acre. 11072]. 3201(1)]; (2) allows the commodities in the Trust to be exchanged for funds available under Title II or the McGovern-Dole Program, or for sale in the market (in some cases) [Sec. 7901(10)] Same definition for peanuts. 1304(c)], 2009 crop year (same as 2008, except four new crops: dry peas, lentils, small and large chickpeas) [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. Gives priority to institutions with existing cooperative agreements with federal or state agencies. [Sec. [Sec. The states include Minnesota (34,000 acres), Wisconsin (9,000 acres), Michigan (9,000 acres), Illinois (9,000 acres), Indiana (9,000 acres), Ohio (4,000 acres), and Iowa (1,000 acres). [Sec. "Clarifies" the economic substance doctrine by integrating a part of it into the IRC (generally Section 7701, relating to definitions). The enacted 2008 farm bill states that this provision may apply to virgin prairie converted to cropland in the Prairie Pothole National Priority Area, if elected by the state. [Sec. Reduces matching deposit to between 2 to 1 per dollar deposited (maximum $6,000 matching per year), reduces grants to $250,000 maximum, increases non-federal matching to 50%, limits administrative cost to 10%, reduces authorization for appropriation to $5 million annually. 2011 et seq], Renames the Food Stamp program: the "Secure Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program" (SSNAP). [Sec. 1507], Federal milk marketing order rules issued by USDA place requirements on the first buyers or handlers of milk, including paying at least minimum prices for the milk depending on its end use. Establishes a certification process similar to the House bill for all eligible entities. For conservation programs, continues prior law level of $2.5 million AGI, with exception for 75% of AGI derived from farming, ranching or forestry. [Sec. [Sec. [Sec. The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) was established in its current form in 1953. 11206], Directs USDA to prepare a plan to join the technical and support assistance for socially disadvantaged farmers/ranchers within the Office of Outreach, and to relocate USDA's office. 3206], Provision Regarding U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Agreementsee section on Forestry Programs (below), Authorities in the Food Stamp Act and other laws covered by the nutrition title generally expired in FY2007. 3319f], Reauthorizes program, and provides $15 million in mandatory funding annually (FY2008-12). Applies to direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, marketing loan benefits, and conservation program payments for the 2003-07 crop years. 11003], The Packers and Stockyards Act (P&S Act) of 1921 (P.L. 1359aa, 1359bb, 1359cc, and 1359dd], Continues purpose and structure of marketing allotments and allocations, but changes some key provisions. 10201], Strengthens USDA enforcement authorities over live poultry dealers. 11061], Sense of Congress regarding "food deserts" or geographically isolated neighborhoods/communities with limited or no access to major grocery stores. However, for red meats, it creates several new types of label categories that are intended to facilitate and simplify compliance in specifying the country or countries of the products. Provides at least $20 million for the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer. 3838n], Sets the GRP enrollment ceiling at an additional 1.34 million acres, with at least 60% of these acres to be enrolled using 30 year rental agreements and easements. [7 U.S.C. [Sec. Provides up to 4% of funds available for water, waste disposal, and essential community facilities to financially distressed communities. 1904], Provides mandatory funding of up to $4 million per year beginning in FY2009 for data mining, and requires periodic competition for the funds. USDA has authority to cooperate with states on laws that exclude, eradicate, and/or control agricultural pests within the AHPA [7 U.S.C. 110-246)Compared with Previous Law and the House- and Senate-Passed Bills (H.R. 11080], The USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services program is charged with helping to alleviate wildlife damage to agricultural, urban, and natural resources. [Sec. [Sec. The enacted 2008 farm bill provides mandatory funding in the amounts of $10 million for FY2008, $49 million for FY2009, and $55 million annually in FY2010 through FY2012. 7901(11) Same definition for peanuts. [Sec. 1736b], Extends the authority to enter into P.L. [Sec. 5031], Sets the par value of capital stock in the Bank for Cooperatives. 11089], Provision pertaining to U.S. government claims collected from a person through administrative offset. [Sec. [Sec. 4008], Increases the dollar limits on assets to $3,500 ($4,500 for households with an elderly/disabled member) and indexes to inflation these dollar limits annually (adjusted down to the nearest $250). [Sec. [7 U.S.C. 7130], Authorizes appropriations for competitive grants to establish regional centers of excellence in food systems veterinary medicine. 14013], Commonly known as the "Pigford decision," pertains to a federal district court decision resolving a class action discrimination suit between USDA and black farmers. In the 2002 farm bill, Congress established this program and provided a one-time transfer of $5 million in mandatory funds to help transition farmers to organic production. The division directors are expected to work with the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board to coordinate all of the mission area's activities across the Department, including intramural research (ARS, ERS, NASS) and extramural research. SBA will continue to make six types of disaster loans for damages that were not covered by insurance: The act provides for SBA-guaranteed private disaster loans to supplement the current system of direct SBA disaster loans. The Rural Development Policy Act of 1980 (P.L. Directs USDA to provide technical assistance to specialty crop and organic producers. 7934(c)], Prevailing world market prices for cotton and rice are determined and announced under USDA regulations, adjusted to U.S. quality and location. For more information on individual conservation programs and past conservation funding, see CRS Report RL33556, Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. Caps non-federal support to no more than 5% of the facility's total cost. [Sec. [7 U.S.C. 2403], Sec. [Sec. 10106 effectively adopts Senate provision to provide funding for similar programs. Reauthorizes program, and authorizes $5 million annually FY2008-2012. A timeline showing a chronology of major events is provided at the end of this report. For example, the bill combines the so-called Section 9006 program with the Energy Audit and Renewable Energy Development Program under the new Renewable Energy for America Program. 10807 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 3017(2)], The conference report consolidates a number of reporting requirements and date changes from both House and Senate bills. [Sec. [Sec. 1462(a) of NARETPA limits the amount of indirect costs that USDA reimburses to institutions that are awarded research, extension, and teaching grants to 19%. for the last month of program authority in September 2012. [Sec. Extends prohibition to two years after enactment; allows exceptions and requires notice. 313(j) of the Tariff Act of 1930 provides for unused merchandise drawback. 601 et seq. 7041], Adds Agricultural Development in the American-Pacific Region to the list of high-priority research and extension initiatives. [Sec. 2508] Provides for a transition period for the existing GSWCP through September 30, 2008. Creates new farm bill title, Livestock (Title XI). 2502], but strikes Senate provision on producer organizations. Amends Section 13031 of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 to extend the passenger and conveyance processing fees through September 30, 2017, and extend the merchandise processing fees through November 14, 2017. Interest rate equals 4%. Deletes provision. The managers encourage USDA to continue to allow and support these activities. Projects with organic production benefits are capped at $20,000 annually or $80,000 in any six-year period. These policy recommendations represented diverse interests seeking objectives ranging from maintaining current programs to substantially altering or eliminating them. [Sec. (Note: Amendments to Sec. [7 U.S.C. Under the enacted bill, if the CFTC determined (according to criteria set forth in the bill) that such an electronic market played a significant role in the price-setting process (that is, if market participants looked to prices generated there as a guide to their own transactions in the underlying commodities), the market would become subject to a set of regulatory "core principles." Deductions for endangered species recovery expenditures. Payments made directly to a person will be combined with the person's pro rata share of payments to a legal entity. [Sec. 10101]. [7 U.S.C. Insurance companies can confer with each other during the process. [Sec. [Sec. The authorization for the collection of the merchandise processing fees is through December 27, 2014. Most research and extension programs appear as individual line items in the President's annual budget request. 1503(b)(2)], Direct attribution: the total amount of direct and counter-cyclical payments are attributed to a person by taking into account direct and indirect ownership in a legal entity. 9001], Establishes program to provide grants to Northeast land-grant universities for research, extension, and demonstration projects for dairy nutrient management and energy development in the Northeast.
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