& Kasibhatla, P. S. What causes deforestation in Indonesia? Annu. ), agricultural land: 18.1% (2018 est. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. )permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est. )forest: 10.7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 60% (2018 est. Chen, Y., Li, X., Wang, L. & Wang, S. Is China different from other investors in global land acquisition? ), agricultural land: 42.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 60.5% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 29.6% (2018 est. Thus, land use and population values were completed for countries that have changed in area over the period of 19602015 based on trends in the FAO recorded values for the former country before the respective year of change (see Supplementary Table7). )permanent pasture: 3.8% (2018 est. Agricultural Land Preservation K.B. )other: 20.6% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 0.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 45% (2018)arable land: 4.4% (2018)permanent pasture: 40.7% (2018)forest: 11.3% (2018)other: 43.5% (2018), agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est. Actions on S.2136 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): A bill to require the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture to convey certain Federal land to the State of Utah for inclusion in certain State parks, and for other purposes. )forest: 44% (2018 est. supervised the study. The protection of carbon stored in existing forests should be placed high on the international policy agenda as fossil fuel phase-out progresses and regulations in the land-use sector lag behind . )forest: 33.5% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. ), agricultural land: 13.6% (2018 est. crop-grass rotation), we see clear patterns across the globe (see Fig. http://resourcetrade.earth/ (2018). This study focuses on the evaluation of different chemical characteristics of humic acids (HA) from Nigeria Alfisol as surrogates of soil agroecological quality under different cultivation regimes in proximity. PubMedGoogle Scholar. )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. There are five main different types of land use: residential, agricultural, recreation, transportation, and commercial. )forest: 42.7% (2018 est. )forest: 31.6% (2018 est. )other: 6.8% (2018 est. )forest: 5.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 24.2% (2018 est. )arable land: 25.6% (2018 est. ADS )other: 44% (2018 est. Ramankutty, N., Heller, E. & Rhemtulla, J. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL (2020). )permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Google Scholar. Land Use Policy 60, 362372 (2017). )other: 25.9% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est. All data in CSV (comma separated values) format, Maps and State Rankings of Major Land Uses, Privacy Policy & Non-Discrimination Statement. )permanent crops: 11.9% (2018 est. )forest: 28.1% (2018 est. )arable land: 9.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 60% (2018 est. This matches the period when major geopolitical shifts (particularly the collapse of the USSR) took place and market-driven food production gained in importance. Clim. )other: 5.7% (2018 est. )other: 99% (2018 est. Earth Syst. CAS . )permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est. PNAS 103, 1757417579 (2006). )other: 0% (2018 est. Comparison of mean annual gross land use/cover (LUC) change of different LUC change datasets (light grey bars) with HILDA+(dark grey bars). A total of 853 soil samples were collected and grouped into four types of agricultural land use, namely, greenhouse, orchard, rice paddy, and upland. )forest: 0.5% (2018 est. )forest: 1.5% (2018 est. Based on open datasets, we developed a model called HILDA+(Historic Land Dynamics Assessment+, https://landchangestories.org/hildaplus-mapviewer/), which harmonises spatially explicit LUC information with land use inventories at the national scale and allocates these changes to the global land surface. )forest: 40.4% (2018 est. Of all multiple change events, 86% are agricultural land use changes (land transitions related to cropland or pasture/rangeland). Environ. )other: 9.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 65.9% (2018 est. )other: 62.4% (2018 est. Phillips Family Farm has expanded its holding in Brant with the purchase of 187 acres of vacant agricultural land along Brant . )permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est. )forest: 32.7% (2018 est. Note that, in contrast to grass- and shrubland area fractions, ruminant density information is static (year 2010). )forest: 39.4% (2018 est. )forest: 25.9% (2018 est. )forest: 41.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 75.8% (2018 est. )arable land: 4.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 43.8% (2018 est. Harmonization of global land-use change and management for the period 8502100 (LUH2) for CMIP6. Aust. We used the recently released Copernicus LC100 Global Land Cover map for the reference year 2015 to generate a base map for the subsequent reconstruction of LUC change. )other: 21.5% (2018 est. )forest: 6.1% (2018 est. )other: 95% (2018 est. )arable land: 9.9% (2018 est. Although not free from potential data artefacts, inconsistencies of single datasets are attenuated through the use of multiple data sources. Environ. ), agricultural land: 11.4% (2018 est. Global trends are depicted for phases 1: 19602004 and 2: 20052015. The transition layers served as the basis for analysing spatial extent, patterns, rates and dynamics of global land use change. )permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 72% (2018 est. Oswalt, S. N., Smith, W. B., Miles, P. D. & Pugh, S. A. )arable land: 13.1% (2018 est. )arable land: 18.2% (2018 est. )forest: 6.8% (2018 est. Dyn. )arable land: 22.8% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 22.7% (2018 est. We estimate that 17% of the Earths land surface has changed at least once between the six land categories from 1960 to 2019 (see Fig. Earth Syst. 5. )arable land: 3.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 100% (2018 est. )forest: 7.7% (2018 est. )other: 27.2% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 9.5% (2018 est. Chinas response to a national land-system sustainability emergency. )other: 7.5% (2018 est. )other: 48% (2018 est. Includes some land used for pasture that could have been cropped without additional improvement. ), agricultural land: 1% (2018 est. Land Use Policy 28, 193206 (2011). )permanent pasture: 3.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 9.6% (2018 est. April 2, 2019 Economics; . 12, 3869 (2020). a. )permanent crops: 1% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est. )arable land: 0.7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. 111, 112 (2012). Barren and unculturableland 4. K.W. )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. )other: 0% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 58.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 59.2% (2018 est. Crop farming involves planting seeds in the ground and harvesting the resulting plants. 15 Citations 1 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Biogeographic patterns in soil bacterial communities and their responses to environmental variables are well established, yet little is known about how. )other: 2.4% (2018 est. Article )other: 10.5% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 39.6% (2018 est. Environ. ), agricultural land: 74.9% (2018 est. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. )permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est. Does not include cropland used for pasture or forest land grazed. )forest: 49.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. )other: 38.9% (2018 est. )forest: 50% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est. collected, processed and analysed the data. )forest: 19.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 70.3% (2018 est. )arable land: 0% (2018 est. Thus, the HILDA+data can contribute to better understanding the environmental impacts of land use change in the past by providing more detailed land change trajectories (e.g. )permanent crops: 37% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 6.3% (2018 est. )other: 16.4% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est. )other: 19.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 40.1% (2018 est. In particular, the rate of agricultural land use change can be affected by political regime shifts (e.g. 160, 8795 (2019). )other: 69.1% (2018 est. Eldridge, D. & Soliveres, S. Are shrubs really a sign of declining ecosystem function? )other: 21.5% (2018 est. 3). ), agricultural land: 1.1% (2018 est. )arable land: 9.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 18.8% (2018 est. These globally diverging land use change processes are supported by numerous studies, e.g. )arable land: 17.5% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Land put to non-agricultural uses 3. 4). )other: 27.5% (2018 est. Nat. )permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est. However, the data suggest a rather abrupt change to decreasing rates of land use change in the period from 2005, which is most evident in Africa and South America (see Fig. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. Winkler, K., Fuchs, R., Rounsevell, M. et al. 11, 035007 (2016). A. Estimating historical changes in global land cover: croplands from 1700 to 1992. )permanent pasture: 10.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est. )arable land: 37.3% (2018 est. Dataset agreement differs per LUC category. )arable land: 6.6% (2018 est. Chang. )permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est. We calculated the mean of the GLW ruminant densities and the area fraction of combined grassland and shrubland categories and used the resulting maps as probability layers for LUC category 3: Pasture/rangelands. )other: 17.2% (2018 est. )forest: 85.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 2.5% (2018 est. 5, 024002 (2010). Popp, A. et al. )arable land: 6.7% (2018 est. )forest: 28.7% (2018 est. )forest: 1.4% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est. )forest: 63.9% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 19.4% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. 9. )forest: 6.6% (2018 est. )other: 19.2% (2018 est. )other: 14.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 74.7% (2018 est. 5, Supplementary Table S2). )permanent pasture: 64.1% (2018 est. )forest: 62.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est. )arable land: 25.1% (2018 est. Forest Resources of the United States, 2017: A Technical Document Supporting the Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment. )forest: 17.42% (2018 est. Article )permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 38.7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est. Bell, L. W. & Moore, A. D. Integrated croplivestock systems in Australian agriculture: trends, drivers and implications. We identify a global net loss of forest area of 0.8 million km, but an expansion in global agriculture (i.e. created all figures and maps. )other: 55.7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 47.2% (2018 est. & Sterk, G. Drought vulnerability drives land-use and land cover changes in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 3.1% (2018 est. However, the global trends in land use change conceal many regionally different trajectories. and R.F. Correspondence to ), agricultural land: 0% (2018 est. Lett. )other: 25.4% (2018 est. )other: 3.3% (2018 est. )forest: 2.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 10.8% (2018 est. land/water degradation and displacement of rural labour)52,57. . )permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est. )other: 18.7% (2018 est. )forest: 11.9% (2018 est. Le Qur, C. et al. )permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 14.8% (2018 est. The Breakthrough (14 June 2019). )other: 22.5% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est. & Lepers, E. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions. )forest: 25.3% (2018 est. )arable land: 1.9% (2018 est. Sources of data for the classification and mapping of land cover and land use include aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and maps of assorted social and cultural attributes (e.g., property boundaries, population density). )other: 37.5% (2018 est. Google Scholar. A wave of large-scale, transboundary land acquisitions and foreign investments in agriculture emerged, mostly targeting sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and South America48,55,56. PubMed Central )other: 17.1% (2018 est. Share of the total land surface without (net change) and with consideration of multiple changes (gross change) between six major land use/cover categories (urban area, cropland, pasture/rangeland, forest, unmanaged grass/shrubland, non-/sparsely vegetated land) in 19602019. Spatio-temporal patterns of drought and impact on vegetation in North and West Africa based on multi-satellite data. )permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est. )arable land: 13.9% (2018 est. )forest: 0% (2018 est. )other: 0.9% (2018 est. )other: 62.7% (2018 est. )forest: 0% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 5% (2018 est. Agricultural land use has been affected by droughts in West 58 and Eastern Africa 59 during the 2000s, which can be observed in the strong decline in the rate of land use change in Ethiopia after . deforestation) or multiple change events (e.g. )permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est. We derived net changes in the categories 2: Cropland, 3: Pasture/rangelands and 4: Forest from the FAO land use inventories (Arable land and Permanent cropland, Permanent meadows and pastures, Forest), applying the relative changes to the areas from the base map, respectively. In the United States, farming is a huge industry. Sci. )other: 28.7% (2018 est. forest before 1990, agricultural areas before 1961). ), agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. )other: 20.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 18.7% (2018 est. volume12, Articlenumber:2501 (2021) )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. )arable land: 11.9% (2018 est. This was carried out in three consecutive steps: First (round 1), change was assigned if the respective LUC categories held the highest area fraction and were greater than 0.1. The observed sharp decline in the rate of land use change, especially in Africa (see Fig. We find this acceleration phase to be more distinct in regions of the Global South, as observed in South America, Africa and Southeast Asia (see Fig. Article Clim. ), agricultural land: 41.4% (2018 est. [ Source - Section 1, Contaminated Sites Regulation] Sample 1 Sample 2 )permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 22.2% (2018 est. We estimate that land use change has affected almost a third (32%) of the global land area in just six decades (1960-2019) and, thus, is around four times greater in extent than previously estimated from long-term land change assessments. )forest: 12.5% (2018 est. Glob. )permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. )other: 43% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 32.9% (2018 est. By Jacob Tierney - Reporter, Buffalo Business First. PubMed )permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est. & Hochschild, V. Identifying droughts affecting agriculture in Africa based on remote sensing time series between 20002016: rainfall anomalies and vegetation condition in the context of ENSO. ), agricultural land: 66.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 71.1% (2018 est. )forest: 3% (2018 est. Clim. )arable land: 8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 25.5% (2018 est. Article )forest: 16.8% (2018 est. )arable land: 16.8% (2018 est. )arable land: 45.2% (2018 est. Environ. )other: 38.9% (2018 est. )other: 23.4% (2018 est. )arable land: 1.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est. PNAS 109, 13411346 (2012). ), agricultural land: 71.2% (2018 est. This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use: agricultural land, forest, and other; agricultural land is further divided into arable land - land cultivated for crops like wheat, maize, and rice that are replanted after each harvest, permanent crops - land cultivated for crops like citrus, cof.