6.7% ABV. The early 2010s marked the fragrant India pale ales rise as Americas favorite beer style. Hope this helps clarify. Characterized by a distinct hop aroma, high bitterness, and notes of citrus and pine, West Coast IPAs turn out brilliantly clear. About UsAccessibilityContact UsEditorial CodeWe're HiringPrivacy Policy, Beer ReviewsBeer StylesHomebrewingBrewing TrendsLocal Breweries, Best beer for beer can chickenSam Adams Cold Snap ReviewRedds Strawberry ReviewSweetwater Hash Session ReviewPaulaner Grapefruit Radler Review, Best Beer for PartyBeers similar to CoronaBest Beers for ChilliBest beer for beginnersBest Summer BeersRadler Beer for a refreshing summer. Hazy IPAs are characterized by a careful combination of hops and malt. 15 Delicious IPAs You Can Buy Almost Anywhere. This blog is reader-supported. Honestly, one category in particular has hogged the headlines: India Pale Ale, aka IPA. ", Bitterness became big business, and drinking IPAs became a dare as expressions pushed the very upper limits of flavor and drinkability. The clear and dry India Ale is brewed with whole-leaf Challenger and Golding hops for an earthier, more floral scent and theres a civilized flavor of toasted bread spread with zesty orange jam. Then comes the ubiquitous hazy IPA, also known as the New England IPA, or NEIPA for short. The brewerys first IPA helped shape the history of the West Coast style. OfficerVZdiver Aspirant ( 297) Jan 1, 2022 With all of the types of IPAs out there I think it's fair to say that the West Coast and New England are the most popular. This point is where the heat extracts most of the bittering properties of the hops. Im from L.A. have only drank WC IPAs just drank my first EC IPA. "Hazy IPA is used to describe what many in my region (the Northeast) would call a NEIPA," says Andrew. Edmunds says that from his perspective in the Pacific Northwest, consumers have largely brushed off the hype of hazy IPAs. More hops are used towards the end of the boil, after the boil, or during fermentation in hazy IPAs. For West Coast IPA, the bulk of those hops are added during the boiling. Evan Price: Its two different crowds that we cater to. In contrast, pine resin, citrus, and tropicals are prominent in West Coast IPAs. 1.000-1.025. In 1965, Maytag brewed an English-style pale ale with American hops, using a little-known British technique called dry hopping and a little-known Oregon-grown hop variety at the time called Cascade. Well go over what a west coast IPA is, different types of IPAs, and why you should incorporate these types of IPAs into your menu. The similar smoothie IPA has lactose and enough fruit puree strawberries, pineapples, mango, etc. However, modern generations are allowed to be unfiltered. Hazy IPAs, on the other hand, call for more hops at the end of the boil, after the boil, and/or during fermentation. Its still beneficial to have one of each, though, as each appeal to a different audience. However, you should note that this only happens when brewers use substantial amounts of hops in dry-hopping a procedure employed for these craft beers." Despite facing some backlash in recent years, IPAs still account for nearly half of U.S. craft beer sales 46% in 2022. Unfortunately, just as your palate gets used to the spice in spicy food, it also becomes accustomed to the bitterness of a West Coast IPA and craves even more bitterness. Your first order could be completed in as little as 5 minutes! ", Their preservative property was noted in the 1760s when, according to Amber, Gold & Black author and historian Martyn Cornell, brewers were advised to add extra hops to beers being sent to hot climates, notably the Caribbean and, yes, India. They can all trace their roots back to the 80s and 90s, and a few just after the turn of the century. His work has appeared in Entrepreneur, Huffington Post, CraftBeer.com, and more. What kind of hops are in a West Coast IPA? - Coalition Brewing Triple Crossing, one of the most consistent IPA performers in the history of Pastes blind style tastings, has recently produced West Coast versions of their two flagship hazy IPAs, Falcon Smash and Clever Girl. West Coast vs. New England IPA | Community | BeerAdvocate The distinction between these IPA varieties may be traced back to where they came from, but more importantly, how they were created. It all comes back to west coast taste. The medium-bodied IPA, tasting of toffee and biscuits and sharp herbal bitterness, became a big hit and went year-round in 1996. From one extreme to the other, it seems you cant win! Moreover, the hops character gives a juicier flavor to this style of beer." A pale honey malt treatment found with many New England IPAs gives them their lighter color, with a biscuity quality or juiciness in some. Something about super bitter IPAs goes well with the west coast at least recently. In 2014, relief appeared in craft beer culture for those who sought something easier to drink, in the form of the Hazy IPA from the East Coast. John Holl is the editor of All About Beer Magazine. This was once a perfectly normal appearance for beers marketed as West Coast IPA.. Hops are added towards the end of the boil, after the boil, or during fermentation. One of the key differences between the Hazy IPA and its American West Coast-style IPA forefather is the usage of hops. The new era of West Coast IPAs Ive sampled from breweries such as Triple Crossing and The Veil are crisp, and relatively dry, at least in comparison with your average juice bomb. Your email address will not be published. As the sugar ferments, these yeasts provide a variety of scents and flavors, including stone fruit, banana, and tropical notes. Youll just be hard-pressed to find one over an East Coast/NE IPA any on the Western seaboard. Finally, they can also leave the beer foggy to give it a murky appearance and a fluffy feel. The NE IPA is essentially another IPA sub style that gets made, remade, confused, renamed, and so on until we can hardly agree what the term even means. That reduced bitterness comes largely from when the hops are introduced to the brew. Get it. Bold, hoppy, and citrus-forward with 7-8% ABV. But consumer preferences weren't always about this trendy, turbid style. Firsd Tea is a proud sponsor of the Brewer to Brewer podcast. This method involves the addition of hops during fermentation. The brewers employ itto balance out the powerful hop fragrances. I'll never forget getting growlers of Nelson back in 2010 and seeing how intensely hazy it wasan appearance that, back then, was jarring. East Coast IPA vs West Coast IPA | Beerwulf We see a really big hit on those first couple days of those hazy can releases. I think if you ask any brewer, especially on the West Coast, what their top selling beer was over the last decade, its gonna be [West Coast] IPA, says Bagby. Over the last half a decade or so, the craft beer industry has gone through an accelerated evolution, a sort of consumer-driven Darwinism at work. One of the most popular hazy IPAs from day one, this is the best grocery store buy. Hazy IPA Styles Explained. By all accounts Firestone Walker actually got into the IPA game late. Both west coast and hazy IPAs are sought after with hazy IPAs becoming more popular in recent years. A standard West Coast style IPA is one that is not a double IPA or dry-hopped. NE IPA are Hazy IPA's but not all Hazy IPA's are NE IPA. Hops contain polyphenols that combine with the protein present in the beer to form the haze. Advertising campaigns asked, Are You Man Enough to Handle Our IPA? in the same way spicy food asked if you were man enough to cope with the heat. When rye is used in beer, the grain can add complexity, sharpness, subtle spiciness and a finish as dry as a desert riverbed. Given its bro-y reputation, it probably elicits an image of a flannel-wearing dude in a bar mansplaining the difference between microbrews and. Of course, one could also make the argument that hazy IPAs and NE IPAs are different beasts as well, or that only select West Coast IPAs left malt behind (Reno, NVs Great Basin has always been a malt-forward brewery). While some in the beer industry were surprised that the hazy beer trend had just been immortalized as an official beer style, in retrospect, it was only a matter of time before the powers that be gave in and recognized the sudsy beast that the hazy . 15 Delicious IPAs You Can Buy Almost Anywhere Sometimes you just want tasty, reliable and easy to find. Beer Tan Viral Trend: When Reality Outmaches Satire, 5 Main Beer Ingredients: Breaking Down Beer, Farewell To Anchor Steam, Unless Youre In California. ), these are going to be sweeter and less bitter than the western brethren. West Coast IPA vs. New England IPA What's the Difference? In fact, many breweries attempted to crank out the highest level of IBUs in their beers. to stock a juice shop. For proof, look no further than the 2021 Great American Beer Festival: Brewers entered an astounding 427 entries in the Juicy or Hazy India Pale Ale category. West Coast: Unbalanced to the hoppy side, lots of Centennial, Chinook, and Cascade-. Since the beers name is juicy, were sure you can figure out where this leads to: large quantities of hops used late in the brewing process give the beer its luscious fruit flavor. Instead, these new West Coast IPAs are more like a continuation of where the style was already headed before haze became the norm. What is a West Coast IPA? Since then the beer has won four medals at GABF, twelve medals at the California State Fair, and a silver in the American-Style India Pale Ale category at the World Beer Cup, among others. Some people become tired of current IPAs as they become accustomed to their extreme bitterness. 12 oz. Bold, hoppy, and citrus-forward with 7-8% ABV. West Coast style IPA is famous for its strong hop aromas, intense bitterness, and citrus/piney aromas and tastes. ago. East Coast vs West Coast IPA, What Is The Difference and Why - Medium East Coast have existed for over two decades (think Dogfish Head) and are both malty-sweet and bitter/hop-forward, whereas New England (NEIPAs) are the juicy, hazy versions originating mostly in Vermont/Massachussets that are quite popular right now. Then, its brew isnt filtered to get that hazy quality. This will enable proper distinction from the hazy IPAs because they tend to have similar hops flavor and aroma. Not strictly just NE IPA, which also have their distinct flavor profiles. While the addition of hops can really occur anytime during the beer making process, the distinction between the two styles lie in their flavors. 14 Low-Calorie Beers Better Than Hard Seltzer, The Best Non-Alcoholic Beers You Can Drink, Black-Owned Breweries Deserve Your Attention. Is West Coast IPA Finally Popular Again? (Or Did it Ever Go Away?) Has tropical fruit notes, smooth, and creamy with 6.5-7.5% ABV. East Coast brewers employ mutant, intricate British yeasts to focus the drinker on the hop scents and flavors. East Coast IPAs embraced the styles British DNA, mutated by American verve and innovation. The West Coast IPA, if you want to be technical, falls into the official beer category of American Style IPA: a clear, golden-colored beer which sometimes veers towards copper from the use of roasted malts. On this episode of the Brewer to Brewer podcast Evan Price, Green Cheeks c0-founder and head brewer talks about how customers respond to the brewerys West Coast IPA versus its Hazy IPA on release days. As the brewery writes on its website with Racer 5, Theres a trophy in every glass., Russian River Brewing Company Windsor, CA. While these numbers dont paint a perfect picture, they do show that the popularity of hazy IPAs has not meant the death of West Coast IPA. Bear Republic Brewing Co. Rohnert Park, CA, One of Americas most medaled IPAs, Racer 5 has become synonymous with West Coast IPAs. Hazy IPA. While bitterness in IPAs skyrocketed on the West Coast, some brewers (and drinkers) began to explore a different direction. Hazy IPAs were seen as a trend not long ago with little expectation of the cloudy fan favorite to be anything but a memory. Although originally introduced to lovers of craft beer way back in 2014 from about a dozen breweries, it wasnt until 2018 that the Hazy IPA, or New England IPA, was recognized as an official beer style. No, hazy IPAs and East Coast IPAs aren't the same, but we would have never had the hazy IPA without the rise of the classic East Coast IPA. He estimates that Breakside actually brews clear IPA about ten times as often as they brew anything hazy. East Coast IPA vs West Coast IPA: What's the Difference? - Gear Patrol 15 Best IPAs Available Everywhere: New Belgium, Lagunitas & More What's West Coast IPA? And by now it is well known that the history of hops and IPAs goes back a long wayall the way back to the 1780s and the British colonization of India. The lower temperature of the cooling wort or fermenting beer extracts more of the hops floral, citrus, and tropical fruit aromas and flavors, and much less of the bitterness. As for the tell-tale haze? In addition, the grain bill in a Hazy IPA is different from a West Coast IPA. Barley malts are cut with other grains such as malted wheat, oats, or other adjuncts in the New England brewing technique, and the ale is unfiltered too. These bad boy IPAs are heftier than hefty, suppress the malty flavor of beer and embrace the flavor of hops. Therefore, the end result is a beer with lower bitterness than other IPAs.\n\nA hazy IPA typically has an IBU around the range of 45. What Is the Difference Between West Coast IPA and New England IPA? bottle of Brooklyn East IPA. Beer 101: Hazy IPA vs. IPA | GearMoose But even the vast category of IPA has seen its fair share of change. Over the ensuing decades, IPAs in England started vanishing, the style languishing on life support until the modern craft beer movement. Mikellar even infamously crafted an IPA with a staggering IBU of 1,000. West coast IPAs started in the Bay area of California. West coast IPAs, on the other hand, emerged before hazy IPAs. But overall in 2021, both the American and the Juicy or Hazy IPA categories topped 400 entries, the highest number of entries in four years. With English-style brewing and American hops, the west coast IPA was born. The beers featured new hop varieties developed in the Pacific Northwest, such as orange-y Amarillo and piney-fruity Simcoe. By 1835, this highly hopped style was using a new moniker: East India pale ale. The simplest answer is that West Coast IPAs are more bitter, while East Coast IPAs are sweeter. 2. New England IPA, another name for Hazy IPA. The East Coast IPA is a relatively recent style that is based on the West Coast style. A Complete Answer Guide, Lager vs Ale: Figuring Out the Difference Between These Two Beers. Hazy IPAs are notable for their generally juicy flavor and hazy look ( buzz words, baby! info@allaboutbeer.com. The following year, Sierra Nevada released its highly hopped holiday beer, Celebration Ale, an IPA in everything but name. Green Cheek Brewing John Holl 6 months ago Green Cheek Beer Co. has established itself as a hop-forward brewery that celebrates the complexities and flavor nuances of IPA. Hops are added after the boil when the beer is still hot, which is where the bitter flavors come in. Distinguished English-style IPAs do endure, and many feature hops that deliver earthy floral aromas, a fruity underpinning and a lingering bitterness thats backed by malt-derived flavors of caramel and biscuits. But Ill give it my best shot. Do they reflect consumers, or brewers, who are ready for a change in how the winds are blowing? Such as Mosaic Cryo, Idaho 7, El Dorado, Cashmere, Nelson Sauvin, Riwaka, Simcoe, Talus, and Callista that all harmoniously come together. He brought that innovation to Russian River Brewing Company. Brewed English style with American hops. ), these are going to be sweeter and less bitter than the western brethren. Anyway, these are super popular in New England, and the flavor is starting to spread nationwidejust as people on the east coast might want a West Coast style India pale ale. As with West Coast, we can sort of generalize East Coast styles: juicy, non-bitter = east coast. Throughout the last few centuries, beer styles have come and gone for various reasons: consumer tastes, scientific developments, ingredient availability (or discovery), and even war have all had a hand in the rise and fall of certain styles. West Coast IPAs are aggressively hopped to achieve big, bitter flavors like grapefruit peel, lemon rind and peppery pine. And I think were getting the best results weve ever gotten out of those beers. Before hop haze became a sought-after characteristic, It was always American IPAit was bright, bitter, strong, aromatic, says Jeff Bagby, founder of Bagby Beer Company in Oceanside, CA. Meanwhile, others like the New England-style or hazy IPA have thrived, showing up on every menu, draft line, and shelf that sells beer. How Many Different Types of IPAs Are There? Substyle of American IPAs. Before opening his own brewery, he spent a decade at the iconic Pizza Port, after time at both Oggis and Stone. On a second, related level, I believe the average quality of these releases has suffered because of that very oversaturation, which results in new hazy IPA releases that are always trying to push the envelope to greater extremes, resulting in unpleasant sensations such as the dreaded hop burn. In general, Ive rarely felt positive about the direction that IPA has been trending in the last few years, even though there are of course always stellar hazies out there. Brooklyn Brewery originally released East India Pale Ale as a summer seasonal in 1995 and bridged the distance between the United Kingdom and the United States. (If its during fermentation, this is called dry-hopping. If its during primary and secondary fermentation, it can also be called double-dry-hopping, a.k.a. The 2010s, however, began a steady transformation of the style long before the popularization of hazy IPA. Malt flavors were gradually stripped away, colors became ever lighter, and even the high level of bitterness had eased off a bit by the mid-2010s, at right about the same time that NE IPA started to trend. ABV: 6.9%. But the beer people up top decided that one form of IPA wasnt enough. The following is an excerpt from Joshua M. Bernstein's 10th Anniversary Edition of The Complete Beer Course, which is available now. On the other hand,California brewers use clean, nearly flavorless yeasts to focus on the hop aromas and flavors. } Its just a constant rotation of pickup where you see this even keel pickup of people wanting to get their West Coast IPA for the week, every week. Green Cheek describes this beer as strawberry jam, Maui Wowee, and orange blossoms., A Liquid Legend: The Story of How Sierra Nevada Pale Ale Stays Timeless After Four Decades, Photography courtesy of Bagby Beer Company. West Coast style IPA is popular for its strong hops aroma, intense bitterness, and citrus/piney aromas and tastes, New England IPAs are also delicious, with an intense hops aroma. The West Coast IPAs were the rage for several years, so the introduction of the New England IPAs (NEIPAs) provided a good level of rivalry. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); An Independent Blog About Beer. { Over the past three years, the Great American Beer Festival has received an increasing number of American-style IPA submissions year over year. So, what's the difference between West Coast and Hazy IPAsanyway? Youll be able to easily access information that can help you decide if the beers on your menu are profitable or if you need to switch them up. All Rights Reserved. You can find out more about Firsd Teas collaborations with brewers and tea ingredients by visitingblog.firsdtea.com. Available everywhere, this fruity, barely bitter IPA gets most of . In contrast, West coast IPAs are less malty than East Coast and very much hop forward, usually the most bitter ones (not in term of IBUs but mostly because of the lack of malt sweetness). Price was interviewed by Kyle Harrop of Horus Aged Ales. I knew instantly that the idea of continual hopping was now a reality, Dogfish Head founder Sam Calagione writes in Brewing Up a Business, creating a smoothly piney and citrusy IPA, rich with caramel, that was outrageously hoppy without being overly bitter.. "name": "Why is a New England IPA Hazy? Patagonia Launches New Partnership Program in Collaboration with Craft Breweries Around the U.S. Duchesse de Bourgogne: A Beer for Christmas Eve, Wooster here Remembering a Man of Many Letters, Wicked Collaboration: Slosberg, Hoppin Frog Pay Homage to Classic Brand. Hopnosis, a West Coast IPA and Mind Haze Light, a Hazy IPA WHAT IS A WEST COAST IPA? When Stone released this IPA for its first anniversary in 1997, the fashionable styles included ESBs, pale and amber ales, American-style hefeweizens and fruit beers, not a nearly 7-percent ABV IPA tuned to 77 IBUs with Chinook, Columbus and Centennial hops providing an arrest-ing pop of grapefruit and pine. Kyle Harrop: Are you seeing more people drinking West Coast IPA or hazy IPA at this point in time? For beer lovers looking for those more bitter flavors, a standard West Coast IPA not Imperial, Double-hopped or Triple-hopped, etc. Hop head purists would argue the West Coast IPA is the original American Style IPA and is still the best. Green Cheek Beer Co. has established itself as a hop-forward brewery that celebrates the complexities and flavor nuances of IPA. When it comes to differentiating between the terms, it's all a matter of marketing. The modern double IPA arose in 1994 when Vinnie Cilurzo was working at the now-shuttered Blind Pig Brewery in Temecula, California. Less bitter than a west coast IPA. Most beer drinkers cant decide what an IPA actually is. When hes not drinking beer in the name of research, Tom can be found searching out his next great conversation. The Bay area to be specific is where we saw the emergence of west coast IPAs. Both West Coast IPA and New England IPA exude the IPA flavor profile so, you can never go wrong with either one of them. So, Which is Better West Coast IPA or New England IPA. The modern American IPA became a gateway craft beer, recalibrating palates accustomed to light lagers. West Coast vs East Coast IPA: What's The Difference? - Short Brews Gear Patrol participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. What is a West Coast IPA? Hazy IPA Styles Explained As a result of the haziness, it has a silkier mouthfeel by nature. Less bitter than a west coast IPA. Quick to fall in love with craft beer after that fateful first sip, Tom has been working in the industry since 2016. A New England IPA has a flavor profile of orange juice, mango juice, and juicy stone fruit characteristics, along with some hints of floral and spice. Hops are hardly a one-trick pony. The words West Coast IPA are suddenly showing up on the menus of hyped IPA producers, but the beers themselves may not remind you much of the IPA you were drinking 10 years ago. Paso Robles, California. Imperial IPA vs IPA: Learn the Differences Between These Ales - Draft Mag A lot of that demand has to do with hazy IPAs' more approachable flavors, which tend to be much fruitier. The only hazy IPA from the West Coast I drank before 2013 was Alpine's Nelson, a beer that holds a special place in the hearts of many California brewers and beer fans, myself included. Substyle of American IPAs. The aforementioned East Coast "style" has acted as a stepping stone to the NEIPA and played a huge part its rise in popularity. In a word, theyre more balanced than the style has been in recent memorystill lacking the malt balance of ages past, yes, but now striking more of a genuine balance between bitterness/sweetness and drinkability/decadence. will have an IBU (International Bitterness Units) of between 50 and 70, but some extreme West Coast IPAs like Pliny the Elder can edge over 100 IBU. When I say West Coast and East Coast, Im talking about American coasts, so American brewed beers. In terms of comparison, a draftGuinness beerhas an IBU of around 45. On one level, this has been due to the cloying omnipresence of the style in brewery taprooms, and the constant flow of same-y hazy IPA releases from hyped breweries that are constrained by the consumer expectation that they put out a new IPA or two every single week. Unfortunately, this juice trap that New England IPAs have fallen into means some drinkers demanding juicier ales have now got a beer which resembles Capri Sun rather than an IPA. Meanwhile, others like the New England-style or hazy IPA have thrived, showing up on every menu, draft line, and shelf that sells beer. It was remarkably not clear, but it was delicious. However, they are far less bitter than their West Coast counterparts, The difference between NEIPA and West Coast IPA lies in their brewing technique, haze, and bitterness, West Coast IPAs can also be hazy, but they need to balance refreshing dryness and bitterness, Other popular IPA styles include British, East Coast, Double, and Session IPAs. Here, an excerpt from Josh Bernstein's "The Complete Beer Course" breaks down our beloved hoppy liquid. He used a cultivar of hops called cascade, the most popularly grown type of hops in the United States until 2018. Can Cooling Pillows Help You Sleep Better? Enter the West Coast and East Coast IPA. I love the sharp hops flavor, and as far as intense bitterness is concerned, you cant beat a traditional West Coast IPA. During that era on the West Coast, in particular California, breweries started eschewing sweet caramel malts for a lean, dry scaffolding designed to showcase the hops. He created an anniversary beer by doubling the hop bill and upping the malt by around 30 percent. West coast IPAs use almost double the hops American IPAs use with an ABV of around 6.5 - 7.5%. That juiciness frequently meets flavors of pine, citrus, floral, spice, or others, according to the Brewers Associations description. Point is, I like these new beers. Of course, this isnt to say that you cant find a West Coast IPA anywhere anymore. Both styles of beers use lots of hops, often in obscene amounts, but in different ways and at different stages. As the renown of India pale ale spread across the Atlantic Ocean, domestic breweries began producing IPAs brewed with American hops and barley grown in the United States and Canada. NEIPA, on the other hand, frequently cuts itsbarley malts with oats,malted wheat,or other extras. Final gravity. These avant garde West Coast IPAs have been particularly noticeable in my home of Richmond, VA, a city densely packed with breweries that are nationally known for hazy IPA. Five years later, Ken Grossman at Sierra Nevada released his famous Sierra Nevada Pale Ale made with whole-cone Pacific Northwest American hops. Great examples of the West Coast IPA style include Stone Brewings Stone IPA, Green Flash Brewing Co.s West Coast IPA, Bear Republics Racer 5, Firestone Walkers Union Jack, and of course, Russian River Brewing Companys Pliny the Elder (a beer Vinnie made from his influences at Blind Pig). If you want to get precise, a West Coast IPA is an American-Style IPA. Hazy wraps drinkers in a plush blanket instead of pushing them away with spiky pine needles, part of a marked shift in the American IPA. 20 Best IPAs - The Top-Rated IPA Beer Of 2023 - Delish Even The Veil, a brewery that encapsulates hazy IPA culture and hype, has not one but multiple new West Coast IPAs on tap right now, sharing space with something described as quintuple dry-hopped quadruple IPA. Im not making that one up, its a real beer whose description also contains the adjective gloopy, which I never want to hear in a beer description again. The American IPA is probably the most popular kind, with the main ingredient being a variety of American hops. Stone IPA leverages Magnum, Chinook, and Centennial hops for a super hoppy, crisp take on the classic West Coast IPA. }, Your email address will not be published. Its the antithesis of a hazy IPA: an aromatic, amply bittered IPA as dry, clean and crisp as freshly laundered and ironed clothes.
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