2017 Nov 24;24(36):3987-4001. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170413100136. Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms undergo specific developmental events. Computational approaches to predict bacteriophage-host relationships. (2004). CAS BMC Genomics 15:356, CrossRef Jasna Rakonjac . Bioinformatics 22(2):195201, CrossRef PA0726, which is conserved in Pf1 (Webb et al., 2004) and Pf5 (Mooij et al., 2007), shares significant homology to the zonula occludens toxin (Zot) encoded by the filamentous CTX phage of V. cholerae (Fasano et al., 1991). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Adsorption into the host cell occurs via pilus-mediated adsorption. Nakayama K, Takashima K, Ishihara H, Shinomiya T, Kageyama M, Kanaya S et al. Analysis of the PCR products from the WT as a control and the putative Pf4 mutant showed the expected banding patterns for the WT and a double-crossover, respectively (data not shown). These large microcolonies were not entirely empty, where a number of viable cells could be observed in the centres along with dead cells (Figure 3e), whereas the mutant microcolonies were not significantly larger, 52.25.5m, than those observed on day 5 (Figure 3f) and no centralized cell death or hollowing was observed. Another problem is the decrease of the share of phages with full-sized inserts during library amplification and propagation. J Biomol NMR 20(4):365377. These effects may be mediated by multiple mechanisms, where the prophage encodes potential virulence factors, phage may contribute to microbial evolution through the formation of phenotypic variants, for example SCVs, and phage particles may physically enhance the stability of biofilms. Proteins from the UniRef90 database (representing 2,205 UniProt. Sequence analysis identified the expected flanking sequences disrupted by the gentamicin cassette (data not shown) and no vector sequences were detected, indicating that the clone was a true Pf4 deletion mutant. CSLM images (XZ plane) of the treated and untreated biofilms are shown in (b). To obtain When cell-free biofilm effluent from the Pf4 mutant was spotted onto either the WT or the mutant lawn, no plaques were observed for days 15 (data not shown). J Bacteriol 189: 119130. Ff discovery through gene signatures in prokaryote (host) chromosomes, MeSH Mai-Prochnow A, Evans F, Dalisay-Saludes D, Stelzer S, Egan S, James S et al. Immobilizing the antigen on a solid surface often causes conformational changes of the antigen molecules. The fascinating biology behind phage display: filamentous phage M13 is a filamentous bacteriophage which infects E. coli host. Thus, it is possible that the Pf4 phage, either as free DNA released into the biofilm matrix, or as viral particles, also enhance biofilm stability. Funding to JR laboratory by Palmerston North Medical Research Foundation, Massey University, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Anonymous Donor and the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery is gratefully acknowledged. J Mol Biol. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. Then, the specifically bound phages can be eluted from the antigen and characterized. A scFv-library was subjected to 3 rounds of positive selection using human melanoma cells and negative selection using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [64]. (1998). Science 303(5655):213217, Marciano DK, Russel M, Simon SM (1999) An aqueous channel for filamentous phage export. abstract = "Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms undergo specific developmental events. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. I. (2001). Mol Microbiol 63(4):10081025, Goldbourt A, Gross BJ, Day LA, McDermott AE (2007) Filamentous phage studied by magic-angle spinning NMR: resonance assignment and secondary structure of the coat protein in Pf1. Protein III (pIII) of filamentous phage is required for both the beginning and the end of the phage life cycle. CAS Biopolymers 32(7):795810, Clarke M, Maddera L, Harris RL, Silverman PM (2008) F-pili dynamics by live-cell imaging. The growth rate and final yield of the WT and the Pf4 mutant were identical when grown planktonically in the biofilm medium (M9+glucose) at room temperature indicating that deletion of the Pf4 region did not alter growth under the conditions tested (data not shown) and therefore, it is unlikely that the differences in microcolony size is the result of growth defects. Internet Explorer). Five hundred nanograms of the pEX2.5 suicide vector DNA was mixed with 100l of electrocompetent cells in an electroporation cuvette. Abstract. More generally, Pal et al. The uniqueness of filamentous phage is that of its five virion proteins, three can tolerate the insertion of foreign peptides, each in a distinctive manner. PMC Full-size human antibodies against orthopoxviruses [73, 74], neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis A [75], and neutralizing antibodies specific to the B glycoprotein of cytomegalovirus [76] have been made using antibody fragments isolated from immune libraries. PhD, Massey University, Sattar S, Bennett NJ, Wen WX, Guthrie JM, Blackwell LF, Conway JF, Rakonjac J (2015) Ff-nano, short functionalized nanorods derived from Ff (f1, fd, or M13) filamentous bacteriophage. The effect of a bacteriophage on diversification of the opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Membrane-associated f1 bacteriophage coat protein and phospholipid metabolism. Microbiology 153: 18521859. Bertani G . Phage displaying technology. on lawns of both the WT and Pf4 mutant. of bacteria in 50l phosphate-buffered saline were instilled into the nares of 6- to 8-week-old BALB/c mice anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine (100mgml1) and xylazine (20mgml1). As a further control, the P. aeruginosa lasR/rhlR quorum sensing deficient double mutant (Beatson et al., 2002), earlier shown to be less stable during SDS treatment than the WT (Davies et al., 1998; Hentzer et al., 2003; Allesen-Holm et al., 2006), was also included. The basic structure of filamentous phage and its use in the display of Past, present and future biotechnology applications have been built on this phage-host cooperativity, including DNA sequencing technology, tools for genetic engineering and molecular analysis of gene expression and protein production, and phage-display technologies for screening protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Front Microbiol 6:316. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00316, Sblattero D, Bradbury A (2000) Exploiting recombination in single bacteria to make large phage antibody libraries. The phages are named for their filamentous shape, a worm-like chain (long, thin and flexible, reminiscent of a length of cooked spaghetti), about 6 nm in diameter and about 1000-2000 nm long. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. (1999). Both clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa show mutator phenotypes (Kenna et al., 2007). Science 296(5569):892895, Lerner TJ, Model P (1981) The steady state of coliphage f1: DNA synthesis late in infection. Such an approach was used for selecting a scFv phage library for antibodies specific to antigens from a yeast library [90]. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 721732. Using this mutant, we showed that the phage plays an important role in biofilm development of P. aeruginosa PAO1, the formation of small colony variants as well as the structural integrity of the biofilm. That has allowed further study of the source for the variability of natural structural motifs of human antibodies, and also the correlations between antibody structure, its affinity, specificity, and the bound antigen class [50, 51]. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Analysis of the percentage coverage of the biofilms remaining after treatment revealed that the WT biofilm was unaffected by treatment (106% remained) whereas the Pf4 mutant biofilm was reduced by 61%, which was similar to the control strain LasR/RhlR (59% reduction). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. J Biol Chem 251(24):77397745, CAS Filamentous phages: classification and applications, Figure 1. (2005). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Purevdorj-Gage B, Costerton WJ, Stoodley P . Three independent experiments in triplicate were conducted for 7 days. The R-type pyocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is related to P2 phage, and the F-type is related to lambda phage. (Moller et al., 1998) with some modifications. II. To assess the stability of WT and P. aeruginosa PAO1 and the PAO1Pf4 mutant biofilms to SDS treatment, 4-day-old biofilms were fed with M9 medium containing 0.01% SDS for 2h. Confocal scanning laser microscopy images were acquired before and after the SDS treatment. Nat Commun. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79(23):71227126, Eckert B, Martin A, Balbach J, Schmid FX (2007) Prolyl isomerization as a molecular timer in phage infection. Fasano A, Baudry B, Pumplin DW, Wasserman SS, Tall BD, Ketley JM . Dominance of Ff over other bacteriophage in display technology . Front Microbiol 5:650. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00650, Davis NG, Boeke JD, Model P (1985) Fine structure of a membrane anchor domain. Whitchurch CB, Tolker-Nielsen T, Ragas PC, Mattick JS . Thus, it has been proposed to incorporate multiplex flow cytometry for high-output simultaneous selection of individual antibodies against a wide range of antigens present on the surface of cells [89]. Antibodies obtained via in vivo biopanning or cell biopanning can be very useful for the functional analysis of newly discovered receptors and in the search for potential targets of novel drugs. Biofilm effluent was filtered through a 0.2m filter to eliminate bacterial cells and serial dilutions were spotted onto soft-agar lawns of either the PAO1 WT or the Pf4 mutant to quantify the number of phage in the effluent (p.f.u. Cryo-electron microscopy of the f1 filamentous phage reveals insights into viral infection and assembly. In: Lim, T. (eds) Recombinant Antibodies for Infectious Diseases. J Bacteriol 180(7):17231728, Craig L, Li J (2008) Type IV pili: paradoxes in form and function. Construction of immune libraries. Structure and assembly of filamentous bacteriophages Gene 173(2):179181, Johnson TL, Abendroth J, Hol WG, Sandkvist M (2006) Type II secretion: from structure to function. Electroporation was performed using a GenePulserXcell electroporator (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) at 25F, 200Ohm and 2.5kV. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12(7):619623, CrossRef Nat Rev Drug Discov 2: 114122. Virology 104(2):267278, Mullen LM, Nair SP, Ward JM, Rycroft AN, Henderson B (2006) Phage display in the study of infectious diseases. Ff filamentous phage (fd, M13 and f1) of Escherichia coli have been the workhorse of phage display technology for the past 30 years. Bockelmann U, Lunsdorf H, Szewzyk U . PubMed Central Note that the latter two primers also incorporate att sites at the ends of the PCR fragment. This relationship is not neutral, where the integrated phage can represent a genetic, for example replicative, burden to the host. (1999). Biofilms were cultivated in flow cells (channel dimensions, 1 4 40mm), as described by Moller et al. (2007) observed no correlation between the production of the Pf5 filamentous phage and SCV formation in P. aeruginosa PA14 (Mooij et al., 2007). With the exception of the Pf4 encoded gene PAO726, no other genes were identified as having homology with known virulence factors (unpublished observation). Filamentous phages: masters of a microbial sharing economy Raeisi H, Noori M, Azimirad M, Mohebbi SR, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Due to the excellent understanding of infection and assembly requirements, Ff phage have also been at the core of phage-assisted continual protein evolution strategies (PACE). Filamentous phage binds to the F pilus of a host E. coli cell through pIII. Edwards RA, McNair K, Faust K, Raes J, Dutilh BE. Filamentous bacteriophages do not lyse the cells; they are released by secretion, using a dedicated filamentous phage assembly secretion system. Google Scholar. J Mol Biol 288(4):649657, Huang Y, Chiang CY, Lee SK, Gao Y, Hu EL, De Yoreo J, Belcher AM (2005) Programmable assembly of nanoarchitectures using genetically engineered viruses. Mol Microbiol 24(3):465475, Darwin AJ (2005) Genome-wide screens to identify genes of human pathogenic Yersinia species that are expressed during host infection. (1991). FEMS Microbiol Rev. Mol Microbiol 57: 347356. (1998). Nature 413: 860864. (2004). ISME J 3(3):271282, Riechmann L, Holliger P (1997) The C-terminal domain of TolA is the coreceptor for filamentous phage infection of E. coli. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, The ISME Journal (ISME J) Characterization of a dual-function domain that mediates membrane insertion and excision of Ff filamentous bacteriophage. Nature 472(7344):499503, Feng JN, Russel M, Model P (1997) A permeabilized cell system that assembles filamentous bacteriophage. Biopanning with immobilized antigens. Plaque forming units increased from 1 107ml1 on day 4 to 1 108ml1 by day 5. Upper panels represent XY scans, whilst the bottom segments, separated by a line, show the biofilm in the XZ plane. The uniqueness of filamentous phage is that of its five virion proteins, three can tolerate the insertion of foreign peptides, each in a distinctive manner.
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