It has come a long way from its 1916 beginnings among a small group of optical scientists in Rochester, NY, USA. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. Photo: The NASDAQ Composite intex spiked in the late 1990s and then fell sharply as a result of the dot-com bubble. OSA's key applied-science journal splits into three sections: Optical Technology (renamed Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics in 1995), Lasers & Photonics (renamed Lasers, Photonics and Environmental Optics in 1992), and Information Processing. Photo: Countries most affected by the tsunami, with the earthquake's epicenter. This annual award recognizes an employee who has made significant contributions to the Society. Google receives a patent for a contact lens that senses blood glucose levels and transmits them to a display device. It was this simple, made by hand instrument that helped change the fortune of the Second World War. Hellwarth of Hughes Research Laboratory report boosting laser power by orders of magnitude by using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters. Photo: 2006 President Eric Van Stryland at OSA's 90th Anniversary Celebration during FiO 2006. Photo: Roy Glauber, Ted Hnsch and Jan Hall in a light-hearted moment with Susan Houde-Walter at the 2005 Frontiers in Optics meeting, Tucson, Ariz. Angela Merkel is sworn in as Germanys first woman chancellor. Bousek demonstrate the first chemical oxygen iodine laser at the Air Force Weapons Lab. Photo: Illustration of two black holes colliding. Photo: This illustration shows the possible surface of TRAPPIST-1f, one of the newly discovered planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. At a time when punchcards are used for data entry, IBM introduces the first FORTRAN compiler. Gabor would win the 1971 Physics Nobel Prize for the discovery. The first fully multiracial elections are held in South Africa, signaling the end of apartheid. ", Robert N. Hall at the General Electric Research Development Center in Schenectady, New York, USA, operated the first semiconductor diode lasers. Photo: Lenin giving a speech to the troops in 1920 in front of Moscow's Bolshoi Theater. Photo: Bertrand Piccard's Breitling Orbiter 3 on display in the Gasometer Oberhausen. Willard Boyle (left) and George E. Smith (right) invent the charge-coupled device at AT&T Bell Labs, describing it as a Charge Bubble Device in their notebook. A landmark in worldwide scientific collaboration, the IGY would bring results ranging from the discovery of Earth's magnetosphere to the Antarctic Treaty for scientific cooperation in study of the southern polar regions. Photo Credit: BrokenSphere / Wikimedia Commons. Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland file a patent for a primitive, bull's-eye-shaped barcode and reading system. Kao will later receive the 2009 Nobel Prize in physics for his work. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves". Military Surplus & Collectible Equipment - Surplus Sales of Nebraska The Norden M9 bombsight was top secret and possibly over-hyped but definitely an important part of the United States Army Air Force's daylight precision bombing campaign of World War II. Eli Snitzer demonstrated the first optical fiber laser. Photo: Adolph Hitler leads Nazi followers in the failed "Beer Hall Putsch," landing Hitler in jail. Alferov and Kroemer split half the prize for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed communications and optoelectronics. Lohmann and D.P. Richard Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim - perhaps falsely - to be the first to fly over the pole. Michio Kaku, futurist and theoretical physicist, City College of New York, with Sir Peter L. Knight, emeritus professor, Imperial College, London, OSA Fellow. The German-born physicist, revered both among scientists and in the public sphere, is 76 years old at the time of his death in Princeton, N.J., USA. The TriDAR 3D navigation system is the box visible just above the docking interface. Photo: The SDS Sigma-7 and its accompanying Interface Message Processor formed the first node on the ARPANET. Photo: OSA's Student Chapter at the Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Len, Mexico. By the time of the 1940 meeting, OSA's membership had grown to more than 650 persons. The battle - one of the costliest in history, with more than a million casualties - had lasted more than four months by its conclusion and produced no clear winner. Manuscripts were limited to three printed pages, including tables and figures. The August issue of Optics News announces the creation of an award to recognize outstanding contributions to fiber optic technology. The first recipient of the annual award, the following January, is Robert D. Maurer of Corning Glass Works, for his work in the materials and techniques for glass fiber waveguides. The Romanian physicist Theodor V. Ionescu patents an early form of 3-D imaging for movies and television. In a speech on "war aims and peace terms," the US president advocates a set of core principles as a foundation for lasting peace after the war's end. Photo: Watson and Crick structural model of the DNA molecule. Photo Credit: Dutch National Archives, The Hague. Photo Credit: By United States Department of Energy (nuclearweaponarchive.org) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Heterostructures will go on to become the the dominant lasers in communications, consumer technologies and other areas. The same year also sees the death of I.G. Physicists from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) announce their discovery of gravitational waves. Grow your business network at an Optica industry event. OSA establishes the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal to acknowledge contributions to education in optical science and engineering. The worlds largest single machine, located near Geneva, Switzerland, is a collaboration of more than 10,000 scientists and engineers from more than 100 countries. The team reduces the group velocity of light to just 91 meters per second and makes a laser pulse travel faster than 299,792,458 meters per second. In a celebrated paper in Science research team including James Fujimoto, Carmen Puliafito, Kenton Gregory, David Huang, Eric Swanson and others reports on the first demonstration of optical coherence tomography, a noninvasive imaging method that uses light to reveal cross-sections of tissue. Ozdal Boyraz and Bahram Jalali at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA, demonstrate the first silicon Raman laser. The devices are so named because their rounded keys resemble the seeds of blackberry fruit. Keep current with events and meetings information. Don DeBold Norden Bombsight at Computer History Museum Upstart electric carmaker Tesla introduces its Roadster, a USD 110,000 two-door sports car with an electric powertrain and a Lotus body shell. This is a reenactment in 2007. In contrast to traditional Raman lasers, the pure silicon Raman laser can be tuned directly to transmit data. By its 40th birthday, The Optical Society had attracted a membership of 2,345. The society's first meeting is held at Columbia University, New York, U.S., under the auspices of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The journal is OSA's first all-electronic publication, and the first open-access journal in the physical sciences. XV, known as the Norden M series in Army service, was a bombsight used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. Working on the problem of radio wave detection from communications satellites, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are surprised to discover a low-frequency background hum that would eventually be interpreted as the thermal echo of the Big Bang. These are the first exoplanets ever detected. The meeting, held in Chicago, Illinois, USA, is the last to be held under the auspices of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Photo: OSA 2002 President Anthony M. Johnson. The amount of light transmitted by the fiber changes with the bending. Remote controlled glide bombs saw service in World War II, but it wasn't until the introduction of laser guided bombs during the Vietnam War in the early 1970s that the desired level of precision . The work would win the Nobel Prize nearly four decades later. Photo: Speakers at the inaugruation of the European XFEL cut the ribbon in front of the hutches for the SPB/SFX and FXE instruments, officially opening the facility. The organic light emitting diode display provides 1080 X 1200 resolution per eye and a tracking system that does its job by sensing light emitted by infrared LEDs integrated into an external unit. or Best Offer. Over the next 34 years, the program will grow to encompass more than 350 chapters distributed worldwide. Photo: The iconic photo of the holographic toy train. Photo: Lippincott Award and the R. W. Wood Prize. At the society's third annual meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, a special symposium on applied optics included 18 papers on the industry's growth during wartime, the "Readjustment of the Industry to Peacetime Demands," and the broader needs of optical education and manufacturing. OSA relocates to a new building at 2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA (near the city's famous Embassy Row)the site of its global headquarters ever since. Photo: Map showing origins of members in 1938. Photo: Replica of Chester Carlson's original Xerox copier. Leave us a tip at: https://www.patreon.com/FlightDojoI think most of us, at some point, have had someone say to us "You know, we went to th. Photo Credit: Image Credit: M. Nurul Abedin, NASA Langley Research Center. In a reflection of its growth, the society's legal incorporation is signed, and a new corporate seal is introduced, in New York, USA. The reformatted meeting draws 1,300 attendees-and sees a 12% increase in paper submissions. How were the Norden and Sperry bombsights invented, and how did they compare? The Chernobyl nuclear reactor explodes, releasing radioactive material across much of continental Europe. Through crosshairs made of spider's webbing, the Norden bombsight determined, with precision, the exact moment bombs were to be released to reach their target. Mees International Medal, is announced. The accession of Hitler to leadership began the process that would eventually result in the fall of the Weimar Republic and the establishment of dictatorial rule. Photo: Moore on the cover of Electronics magazine. Photo: Semiconductor lasers (660 nm, 635 nm, 532 nm, 520 nm, 445 nm, 405 nm). The Norden Bombsight was kept a secret simply for the same reason why any "state of the art" military developement is kept a secret more or less, especially during war-time. Photo Credit: Wikicommons / Paul Weinberg. In a tangible sign of the society's increasingly international orientation, Sir Peter L. Knight, the distinguished optical scientist from Imperial College London, UK, begins his presidential term. To honor its late long-time treasurer and charter member, the OSA board decides to establish the Adolph Lomb Medal, to be awarded every two years to a person under the age of 30 who has made a noteworthy contribution to optics. The 1922 OSA meeting is the first to include exhibits of optical and scientific apparatus. Photo: Stanley Norman Cohen's genetic engineering laboratory, 1973 - National Museum of American History. After more than two decades of civil and world war, the victorious Communist Party declares the new state, under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Working with Sony, Philips achieves a final disc diameter of 12 cm and a final resolution of 16 bits. Photo: The Exxon Valdez aground on Bligh Reef. At a time when the Norden was the standard precision bombsight on U.S. planes, research had already begun on guidance systems for bombs and rockets. Photo Credit: Wikipedia / Han-Kwang, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. This mission initiates a new era of interplanetary exploration. The first medal was presented to Tillyer himself in 1954. Vintage Original WW2 NOS Lukas Harold Norden Bombsight Gyro Rare. Photo: De Klerk and Mandela shake hands at the World Economic Forum, 1992. The gauge would have to pop up the popup window when selecting the down view. Color and astronomical optics were other key foci of the meeting. The Melissa.A virus, a fast-spreading internet "worm" that attacks through the Microsoft Word software package, makes its first appearance as an e-mail attachment. She lives for seven years. Ziegler, and Charles Hard Townes submit a short note to Physical Review describing [a]n experimental device, which can be used as a very high resolution microwave spectrometer, a microwave amplifier, or a very stable oscillatorand which, in another paper a year later, they will dub the maser. If you are not already logged into your free Slack account, you will be asked to create one. The ultrahigh resolution technology could revolutionize the fields of optical imaging, lithography and high density data storage. Photo: Charles Townes and the First Maser. Mt. Glen Beck (background) and Betty Snyder (foreground) program the ENIAC in building 328 at the Ballistic Research Lab, Photo Credit: U.S. Army/ Wikimedia Commons. In recognition of OSA's Centennial, the OSA Ambassadors program was created. He will remain editor until December 1949 and deal with many difficult issues occasioned by the war. He would win the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work. The society's wartime meeting in 1943 included several double sessions to accommodate some 30 papers on spectroscopy. ), Photo: Charles Townes with an ammonia maser. Nearly half a century after the discovery of superconductivity, John Bardeen (pictured left), Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer publish their BCS theory, the first microscopic theory of the phenomenon, in Physical Review. Ashkin was awarded 1/2 the Nobel Prize in Prize in Physics "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems.". Christopher Contag and colleagues at Stanford devise a method to miniaturize 3-D scanning confocal microscopes and Raman endoscopes to produce real-time views of cellular activity. In the wake of the resignation of long-serving volunteer society secretary Arthur C. Hardy (pictured left), JOSA editor Wallace R. Brode writes an editorial detailing governance changes to handle the society's increasingly rapid growthand giving hints of the significant professionalization of OSA management that would begin to take root two years later. The technique would subsequently grow into an extremely important commercial technology and platform. The worst spill ever at the time, the incident kills an estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 otters and 300 harbor seals. Some estimates suggest that the worm ultimately infected up to 20% of all computers worldwide. It operates at room temperature with a 9-W peak power at 1675 nm. The satellite laid the foundation for modern GPS systems. In flight a stable platform in the bombsight was leveled by the bombardier by observing two bubble levels, one leveling in . The ion is excited cyclically by an external laser and at each cycle a photon is added to the cavity mode, which amplifies the light. Photo: Norden bombsight crosshairs, 1944 English countryside. In Operation Ivy, the U.S. executes the first successful test of a multi-megaton thermonuclear device, on the Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. Photo: The nuclear reactor after the disaster. Photo: A contact lens records blood sugar levels from tears. The strange tale of the Norden bombsight - TED Fujifilm develops QuickSnap, a disposable camera that uses 35-mm film. (Photo: Diagram of a simple vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode (VCSEL). The laser will allow for exceptionally high detail mapping of molecular surfaces, as well as the ability to stitch together high speed images to see the motion of molecules. The LIGO and Virgo collaborations announce the detection of a forth binary black hole merger. Touch Bionics launches the i-limb hand, the first powered prosthetic hand with articulating fingers. Alan Turing's intellectual construct, which he dubbed an "a-machine" (for "automatic machine"), makes its first appearance in the paper "On Computable Numbers," published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin meet at Yalta, in the Soviet Crimea, to decide on surrender terms for Germany and map out the future of Europe. This work serves as the first of many sources for long-wavelength lightwave systems. The advance helps improve fabrication of subwavelength optical elements as well as single-molecule devices. The following year, Time magazine names it one of the 50 coolest Web sites of the year. When selecting any other view the gauge must make the popup disappear. The December 1953 number of JOSA noted the death of Fred E. Wright (d. 25 August 1953), who served as the society's second president from 1918 to 1919, and Herbert E. Ives (d. 13 November 1953), a huge figure in OSA history who endowed the society's first medal, served as its sixth president (1924-25), and made signal contributions to its long-term stability, its efforts in colorimetry, and more. The eventful next ten years will include new journals, LaserFest, the International Year of Light, and a Centennial celebrationand will see OSA's international membership grow to more than 19,000. The Biggest Lie of WWII? The Myth of the Norden Bombsight J.D. Experimental Breeder Reactor I, a US government experimental facility in the state of Idaho, becomes the first reactor to generate electrical powerenough to operate four 200-watt light bulbs. The event is the second most dangerous nuclear disaster in history after Chernobyl. Soviet scientists Alexander Prokhorov and Nicolay Basov outline the theoretical principles for a microwave oscillator, based on ammonia, at the All-Union Conference on Radio-Spectroscopy of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Also during 2010, Optics Express launches a special bimonthly section/virtual journal, Energy Express, focusing on optics and photonics research in energy and environment. YouTube has 65 employees and one of the largest followings on the Internet. After two years of intense researchbased on a 1951 suggestion by OSA President Brian O'BrienAbraham Van Heel submits a paper to Nature reporting on the transmission of an image through an optical fiber clad with material of a lower refractive index. John Bowers and Mario Paniccia of Intel announce demonstration of the first electrically powered hybrid silicon laser using standard silicon manufacturing processes. Margaret Murnane is awarded OSA's highest award "for pioneering and sustained contributions to ultrafast science ranging from femtosecond lasers to soft x-ray high-harmonic generation to attosecocnd studies of atoms, molecules and surfaces." While attempting to moor at a mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey, USA, the hydrogen-packed German airship bursts into flame, killing 36 people and attracting enormous media attention. In its annual meeting in San Jose, California, OSA marks three quarters of a century of growth. (Photo: Charles Townes with an ammonia maser. Eric Betzig and colleagues use near-field scanning optical microscopy to generate high-resolution fluorescence images of cytoskeletal actin within mouse cells. After a 50-year search for the Higgs boson, it's revealed in an experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Doolittle "Mark Twain" Bombsight - San Diego Air & Space Museum Photo Credit: Photo by C. Ruf, Zurich / Wikimedia Commons. Basov and colleagues, at the USSRs Lebedev Institute, report the invention of the excited dimer laser, which would become a key ultraviolet-light source.
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