Three of her sons were kings of France: Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. A snake is someone that will stab you in the back, that will always be in the shadows trying to get you. Unlike the proposals of Poissy, the edict was law, which the Protestants accepted and the Catholics rejected. Prahl, Amanda. In 1559, as part of the treaty ending the conflict between France and the Holy Roman Empire, Henry II had his daughter Elisabeth of Valois married to King Philip II of Spain. She was not primarily responsible for the more far-reaching Treaty of Saint-Germain (August 1570), but she succeeded in disgracing the Guises. The bloodshed spread beyond Paris to the French provinces, continuing for days, if not weeks. Clement called Catherine's betrothal to Henry of Orlans "the greatest match in the world". The foundation of the civil wars in France was religionmore specifically, the question of how aCatholiccountry would handle a growing number ofHuguenots (Protestants). Catherine de Medici, also called Catherine de Mdicis, Italian Caterina de Medici, (born April 13, 1519, Florence [Italy]died January 5, 1589, Blois, France), queen consort of Henry II of France (reigned 154759) and subsequently regent of France (156074), who was one of the most influential personalities of the CatholicHuguenot wars. Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France, Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe, The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Shivering myself to sleep at night. Catherines struggle to conceive and ongoing conflicts between noblemen and religious factionsthe Protestant Huguenots and the Catholicsalso dominate the action. On January 5, 1589, Catherine died, probably of a lung infection. The two women had a tense relationship, with Jeanne writing that Catherine only mocks me, and reports the contrary of what I have said to her, in order that my friends will blame me.. Related Content Ultimately, Francis I suggested his younger son: Henry, Duke of Orleans. At the same time, however, she was also suspected of being a witch because of her inability to conceive. The Serpent Queen is a series more than a decade in the making. Henry of Navarre, realizing Paris would never accept a Protestant king, converted to Catholicism, took the name Henry IV, and concluded the French Wars of Religion in 1598 through the Edict of Nantes. Catherine was devastated by her son's actions and, according to some sources, this upset contributed to her failing health. The Serpent Queen, a new Starz series starring Samantha Morton as its titular character, alternatively leans into and questions this portrayal of Catherine, ultimately asking viewers what they would have done differently in her place. Diane had been a lady-in-waiting to Queen Claude of France, Henry's mother, who died when he was young, and she seems to have been seen as a mother figure by him at an early age. She herself supervised their education. The couple was married in October of the same year. He will not be spoken of again. Answer and Explanation: Theres this show calling her the serpent queen. That really says it all, says historian Estelle Paranque, author of the forthcoming book Blood, Fire and Gold: The Story of Elizabeth I and Catherine de Medici. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Biography of Cosimo de Medici: Life and Achievements - ThoughtCo Mark, published on 22 June 2022. She was the strength behind the French throne for almost 20 years, maintaining the monarchy through the chaos of the French Wars of Religion and political intrigue. Her father was Lorenzo de Medici, Duke of Urbino and ruler of Florence and her mother was Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne, cousin of Francis I, King of France. Throughout the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598), she did her best to maintain order in the midst of the social unrest and violence caused by the Protestant Reformation and, at first, tried to reconcile the opposing factions even arranging the marriage of her Catholic daughter Margaret to the Protestant prince Henry of Navarre (later King Henry IV of France, l. 1553-1610) in hopes of peace but failed dramatically when she supported the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in August 1572. Catherines great passion was for architecture. In the wake of John Howard's . As regent, she carefully negotiated with the powerful Guise family, notably the brothers Francis, Duke of Guise (l. 1519-1563) and Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (l. 1524-1574), who sought to rule through her son. Though Francis was old enough to rule without a regent, he was inexperienced, sickly and willing to cede authority to Marys Catholic uncles, Francis, Duke of Guise, and Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine. Workshop ofFranois Clouet (Public Domain), Workshop of Franois Clouet (Public Domain). Catherine spent three years in convents, her life threatened because of her family name, until Clement VII arranged her marriage. Diane was everything Catherine was not: she was supremely self-confident, beautiful, an aristocrat, whose parents had encouraged her athletic interests and education in a wide array of subjects including architecture and the law. Last modified June 22, 2022. Catherine was born on 13 April 1519 in Florence (modern Italy) to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (l. 1492-1519, not the famous Lorenzo de' Medici known as "The Magnificent") and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne (l. 1498-1519), a relative of Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547). Showrunner Justin Haythe wrote the script. Actually, though, her 'intrigues' were no more nefarious than any other monarch of the time and were more or less thrust upon her by circumstances as she did her best to manage in the interests of her sons, herself, and of France. Luckily for Cond, Francis died before the execution could be carried out, succumbing to an ear infection and related health issues on December 5, 1560. Starz's ' The Serpent Queen ' tells the incredible story of the rise of Catherine de Medici from the utter misfortune that followed her since her birth to becoming one of the most powerful women of her time. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. For 10 years the couple produced no children, and soon discussions of divorce were on the table. Meilan Solly Scholars uncover spiral-locked letters of Elizabeth I and Mary - NPR An uneasy peace brokered by Catherine failed to last, and by 1567, the country was back at war. Henry II of France, Catherine de Medicis husband, by the studio of Franois Clouet, 1559. Catherine de' Medici and Her ChildrenWorkshop of Franois Clouet (Public Domain). Catherine de' Medici. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Catherine succeeded in obtaining the regency for Charles IX, with Antoine de Bourbon, king of Navarre and first prince of the blood, as lieutenant general, to whom the Protestants vainly looked for leadership. Rarely Seen Portrait of Renaissance Queen Catherine de' Medici to Go on France was now divided between a Catholic north and Protestant south. We need to remember that for rulers, its always easier to rule if you . are at peace, says Paranque. Catherine appointed a mixed commission of moderates that devised two formulas of consummate ambiguity, by which they hoped to resolve the basic, Eucharist controversy. Cookie Settings, Illustration by Meilan Solly / Photos via Starz, Getty Images and, Illustration by Meilan Solly / Photos via Wikimedia Commons under public domain, Vecteezy. Answer and Explanation: This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. A constant thorn in Catherines side, the Kings favouritism of Diane was all-encompassing, and while he was alive there was little she could do about it. As queen mother, Catherines regencies and her influence over her children put her at the forefront of most decisions made by the monarchy. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Read more. Catherine's son Henry III had left the country to reign in Poland-Lithuania, and Catherine was working with the Guise and Charles IX to find a way to restore peace when Charles IX died in 1574. Rarely Seen Portrait of Renaissance Queen Catherine de' Medici to Go on View The 16th-century regent, pictured with four of her children, wielded significant political power during the French. Competing in a celebratory joust at French court, Henry received a fatal injury when his younger opponents lance struck his helmet, leaving splinters in his eye and head. Cosimo was . A key source of drama is the relationship between Catherine and Diane de Poitiers, Henrys much-older mistress. Why was Catherine de Medici important? | Homework.Study.com Although it has been suggested that Catherine proposed to d'Albret the marriage of her daughter Margaret to d'Albret's son Henry as part of an intricate plot to lure the leading Protestants to Paris for execution, there is no evidence to support this claim. 3 Did Catherine de Medici have a deformed child? Catherine de' Medici is said to have shaped the Renaissance through her wealth, influence, and patronage. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. In 1533, at the age of 14, Catherine's uncle Pope Clement VII arranged her marriage to the duke of Orlans, second son of the king of France. Both of her parents, Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, Countess of Boulogne, died within weeks of her birth. She was one of the most powerful forces of the time, driving the decisions of three successive kings. It is also necessary to understand this political struggle of the Catholic crown with its own ultramontane extremists and to perceive its fluctuations in changing circumstances, in order to realize the fundamental consistency of Catherines career. Distraught by this news, on Christmas Day Catherine lamented: Oh, wretched man! Why was Catherine de Medici Called The Serpent Queen? Explained Catherine de Medici was the daughter of Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, duca di Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour dAuvergne, a Bourbon princess related to many of the French nobility. The would-be assassin was never identified. CATHERINE DE M DICIS (1519-1589), queen of France.Wife of King Henry II, mother of Kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III, Catherine de M dicis, the power behind the throne in France for three decades, has generated passionate opinions among contemporaries and historians alike.
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